Nicholas White

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Sir Nicholas White (c.1532 – 1592)^[1] was an Irish lawyer and government official during the reign of Elizabeth I.

Contents 1 Background and early career 2 Master of the rolls in Ireland 3 Desmond rebellion 4 Later career 5 Arrest and death 6 Notes

[edit] Background and early career

White was descended from a noted family of The Pale. His father, who was the steward of the earl of Ormond, had been poisoned while in London with the earl in 1546. Nicholas owed his early advancement to Ormond's influence: in recognition of James's loyalty, the earl left £10 for the boy's education at the Inns of Court. White entered Lincoln's Inn in 1552, and he was called to the bar in 1558; during the course of his studies he was a tutor to the children of Sir William Cecil, later Lord Burghley. He then returned to Ireland and was elected a member of the Irish Parliament for County Kilkenny in 1559. He was justice of the peace for Co. Kilkenny in 1563 and in the following year was named recorder of Waterford.

He had stayed in correspondence with Cecil, and became an important confidant of his and thus an influential commentator on Irish affairs. In 1568 he was given the right to travel to England and had a notable interview with Mary, queen of Scots, at Tutbury in February 1569. White may have published an English translation of the Argonautica in the 1560s, but no copy has survived.

On 4 November 1568 Elizabeth appointed him seneschal of Wexford and constable of Leighlin and Ferns, replacing the disgraced adventurer Thomas Stukley. He retained the office until 1572, concluding his tenure with the pursuit of the rebels, led by Fiach McHugh O'Byrne, who had murdered his son-in-law Robert Browne.

White established his estate at White's Hall, near Knocktopher, co. Kilkenny, and also acquired Dunbrody Abbey, co. Wexford, and St Catherine's Priory at Leixlip

[edit] Master of the rolls in Ireland

On the recommendation of the lord deputy, William Fitzwilliam, White was appointed master of the rolls in Ireland on 14 July 1572. Despite these marks of royal favour, White was viewed by fellow privy councillors in Ireland as suspiciously partisan and often took independent positions in opposition to the dominant English-born faction on the council. Sir Henry Sidney distrusted him as a client of the Earl of Ormonde, and he was suspended from office for alleged misfeasance from August to September 1578.

[edit] Desmond rebellion

During the Second Desmond Rebellion White worked closely with the English political leadership as a veteran official with long experience in Munster. Nonetheless, he was now under suspicion as one who consistently favoured the interests of the Old English, and was blamed for failing to apprehend the rebels in Wicklow during the rebellion. However, he continued to demonstrate his valuable insights to Burghley in regular correspondence throughout the period, including letters sent in December 1581 on the miseries of war, the need for temperate government, and his fear that the wild Irish were glad to see the weakness of English blood in Ireland. His usefulness as an Irish speaker and a nominal protestant made him an essential privy councillor for two decades.

[edit] Later career

On the arrival of the ambitious new lord deputy, Sir John Perrot, White was knighted in 1584. He worked with Perrot to establish an effective administration of the common law, though forty-eight of the 181 prisoners in the Leinster circuit were executed in autumn of 1584 in an example of rough justice. On 29 November 1586 White wrote to Burghley describing the continual bickering in council between the chief governor and the lord chancellor, Loftus. By the end of Perrot's regime White was viewed as a minion of the lord deputy who was primarily responsible for a policy of favouritism toward Irish-born servitors. On the return of the former lord deputy, Sir William Fitzwilliam, in 1588 White became a focus of resentment from the English at the council board.

[edit] Arrest and death

White was implicated in the allegations of treason made against Perrot by a former priest, Dennis O'Roghan, in 1589; despite illness, he was arrested in June 1590, and sent to England two months later. Placed in the Tower of London in March 1591, White appealed to the privy council for a servant to attend him, owing to his age and infirmity; but he died there at some time in 1592. On 12 February 1593 the privy council authorized White's son to bring his body back to Ireland for burial.

White and his second wife had two sons. Thomas, the elder, was educated at Cambridge University and died in November 1586, while the younger son, Andrew, succeeded to White's estates after completing his education at Cambridge. White also had two daughters, one of whom married Robert Browne of Mulcranan, co. Wexford, leading to White's strong efforts in 1572 to prosecute the rebels who had assassinated his son-in-law.

[edit] Notes