Nicholas Christofilos
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 |
This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Please improve this article if you can. (December 2006) |
Nicholas Constantine Christofilos (Νικόλαος Χριστοφίλου) (December 16, 1916 - September 24, 1972) was a Greek-American physicist.
Christofilos was born in Boston, Massachusetts and raised in Greece. He was working for an Athens elevator company when he became interested in high-energy particle physics.
In 1946 he independently developed ideas for a Synchrotron and in 1949 he conceived the strong-focusing principle. Rather than publishing in a journal he submitted a patent application in the US and Greece. His discovery went unnoticed for several years and strong-focusing was rediscovered in 1952 and applied to accelerators at Brookhaven, Cornell and CERN.
Christofilos was offered a position at Brookhaven in 1953. In 1956 he joined Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory to continue his work on ASTRON a proposed thermonuclear reactor under the Sherwood Project.
At LLNL, Christofilos worked on a number of military projects. He became a member of JASON and was the principal behind Operation Argus, a series of high-altitude nuclear detonations intended to create a radiation belt in the upper regions of the Earth's atmosphere as a defence against Soviet ICBMs.
In the early 1960s Christofilos proposed Extreme low Frequency Waves (ELF) as practical way to communicate with submarines. The concept was tested in a 22500-square-mile antenna system called Project Sanguine.
[edit] References
- A.C. Melissinos (University of Rochester) (1993). "Nicholas C. Christofilos: His contributions to physics.". Proceedings, Advanced accelerator physics: 1067–1081.
- Foster, John S, T. Kenneth Fowler and Frederick E. Mills (1973). "Nicholas C. Christofilos (obituary)". Physics Today 26: 109–115.
- Christofilos, N.. "Focusing System for Ions and Electrons". US Patent No. 2,736,799.
- Courant, E. D.; Livingston, M. S.; Snyder, H. S.; Blewett, J. P, Brookhaven National Laboratory (1958). "Origin of the "Strong-Focusing" Principle". Physical Review 91 (1): 202–203. doi:.
