News
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News is any new information or information on current events which is presented by print, broadcast, Internet, or word of mouth to a third party or mass audience. News, the reporting of current information on television and radio, and in newspapers and magazines.
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[edit] Etymology
One theory is that "news" was developed as a special use of the plural form of "new" in the 14th century. In Middle English, the equivalent word was newes, based on the French nouvelles.[citation needed]
Another theory is that the word, phonetically and its written style, is based upon the Germanic word "neues".
A folk etymology suggests that it is an acronym of the cardinal directions: north, east, west, and south.
[edit] Reporting of news
News reporting is a type of journalism, typically written or broadcast in news style. News is often reported by a variety of sources, such as newspapers, television, and radio programs, wire services, and web sites. Most news is investigated and presented by journalists and can be distributed to various outlets via news agencies.The reporting and investigation of news falls within the profession of journalism.
[edit] Categories of news
Until the 1970s, when women's lib issues came to the forefront, most newspapers had a "Women's" section devoted entirely to fashion and society news. Papers even printed "cheesecake" feature photos of attractive young women in bikinis, often transmitted by the AP or UPI wire services, illustrating various news events or feature ideas.
There are many other categories of news. The weather is typically presented by a certified meteorologist or, on smaller stations, a less-trained "weatherman" and is considered news.
Some other news categories are:
- murders
- robberies
- sports
- fashion
- society
- business
- cartoon strips
- features
- lottery numbers
- lives of celebrities
- advertising
[edit] History of news reporting
In its infancy, news gathering was primitive by today's standards. Printed news had to be phoned in to a newsroom or brought there by a reporter, where it was typed and either transmitted over wire services or edited and manually set in type along with other news stories for a specific edition. Today, the term "Breaking News" has become trite as broadcast and cable news services use live satellite technology to bring current events into consumers' homes live as they happen. Events that used to take hours or days to become common knowledge in towns or in nations are fed instantaneously to consumers via radio, television, cell phones, and the Internet.
[edit] Newspapers
Most large cities had[citation needed] morning and afternoon newspapers. As the media evolved and news outlets increased to the point of near over-saturation, afternoon newspapers were shut down except for relatively few. Morning newspapers have been gradually losing circulation, according to reports advanced by the papers themselves.[citation needed]
Commonly, news content should contain the "Five Ws" (who, what, when, where, why, and also how) of an event. There should be no questions remaining. Newspapers normally write hard news stories, such as those pertaining to murders, fires, wars, etc. in inverted pyramid style so the most important information is at the beginning. Busy readers can read as little or as much as they desire. Local stations and networks with a set format must take news stories and break them down into the most important aspects due to time constraints. Cable news channels such as Fox News Channel, MSNBC, and CNN, are able to take advantage of a story, sacrificing other, decidedly less important stories, and giving as much detail about breaking news as possible.
[edit] Objectivity in news
News organizations are often expected to aim for objectivity; reporters claim to try to cover all sides of an issue without bias, as compared to commentators or analysts, who provide opinion or personal point-of-view. However, several governments impose certain constraints or police news organizations for bias. In the United Kingdom, for example, limits are set by the government agency Ofcom, the Office of Communications. Both newspapers and broadcast news programs in the United States are generally expected to remain neutral and avoid bias except for clearly indicated editorial articles or segments. Many single-party governments have operated state-run news organizations, which may present the government's views.
Even in those situations where objectivity is expected, it is difficult to achieve, and individual journalists may fall foul of their own personal bias, or succumb to commercial or political pressure. Similarly, the objectivity of news organizations owned by conglomerated corporations fairly may be questioned, in light of the natural incentive for such groups to report news in a manner intended to advance the conglomerate's financial interests. Individuals and organizations who are the subject of news reports may use news management techniques to try to make a favourable impression.[citation needed] Because no human being can remain entirely objective (each of us has a particular point of view), it is recognized that there can be no absolute objectivity in news reporting.[citation needed]
[edit] Newsworthiness
Newsworthiness is defined as a subject having sufficient relevance to the public or a special audience to warrant press attention or coverage.
Normal people are not newsworthy unless they meet an unusual circumstance or tragedy. The news divides the population into two groups; those few whose lives are newsworthy, and the multitude who are born, live out their lives and die without the news media paying them any significant notice. The news has always covered subjects that catch people's attention and differ from their "ordinary lives". The news is often used for escapism and thus normal events are not newsworthy. Whether the subject is love, birth, weather, or crime, journalists' tastes inevitably run toward the unnatural, the extraordinary.
The subject and newsworthiness of a story depends on the audience, as they decide what they do and do not have an interest in. The denser the population, the more global the news becomes, as there is a broader range of interests involved in its selection.
Only a fraction of news manage to convey the overall world development.
[edit] Famous TV news broadcasters
- ABC (USA and Europe)
- BBC (worldwide)
- CBS news (USA only)
- CNN (worldwide)
- Fox news (USA only)
- MSNBC (USA only)
- NDTV (India only)
- Pathé News (Pathé Newsreels from 1910 until 1956)
- Sky News (UK and worldwide)
- Press TV (worldwide)
[edit] Famous Internet news websites
- BBC News (worldwide)
- Yahoo News
- Google News
- CNN (worldwide)
- Fox news (USA only)
- MSNBC (USA only)
- AP (Associated Press)
[edit] International news broadcasters
- CNN International – An international news broadcaster with a US feed. It is known as the pioneer of 24-hour news broadcasting.[citation needed]
- BBC World – A British-based news channel. It is perhaps the most exclusive news channel in the world.[citation needed]
- Channel NewsAsia – Based in Singapore. It runs for 20 hours.
- Al-Jazeera English – Based in Dohar, Qatar.
- Public Radio International – An international and global news and cultural perspectives provider in the United States. It has created the first global news broadcast program in the United States, The World.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- Stephens, Mitchell. "The History of News - 3rd Ed" Oxford University Press, New York, 2007.
