Neuropterida

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Neuropterida

Sialis lutaria (Megaloptera: Sialidae)

Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Hexapoda
Class:	Insecta
Subclass:	Pterygota
Infraclass:	Neoptera
Superorder:	Endopterygota
(unranked)	Neuropterida

Orders

Megaloptera
Neuroptera
Raphidioptera
and see text

Synonyms

Neuroptera sensu Palker, 1982

The Neuropterida are a clade of holometabolous insects. Well-known members are the lacewings, antlions and dobsonflies.

Historically, they were known as Neuroptera, but this name nowadays refers to lacewings and their relatives (e.g. antlions) only, which formerly were known as Planipennia. Part of the superorder Endopterygota and closely related to beetles, they are usually considered an unranked taxon. Arguably, the Endopterygota might be considered an unranked clade instead, and be split up in numerous superorders to signify the close relationships of certain endopterygote groups.^[1]

The Mecoptera (scorpionflies) were formerly included here too by some authors, but they actually belong to the Mecopteroidea (or Antliophora), the endopterygote clade containing also true flies and fleas.

Neuropterida are fairly primitive-looking insects, with large wings but weak wing muscles, giving them a clumsy flight. Most are active at dusk or in the night as adults, and the larvae of many are aquatic, living in rivers. At leats the larvae but in many cases the adults too are predators of small arthropods. Adult neuropteridans range in size from that of a midge to that of a medium-sized dragonfly; the largest species tend to resemble drab, clumsily-flying damselflies.

In addition to the three living orders, there is an entirely extinct family of Neuropterida, the monotypic Rafaelidae. These are of an indeterminate but probably rather basal position; thus the single genus Rafaelia from the Early Cretaceous Santana Formation's Crato Member in Brazil might for the time being be better placed in the Neuropterida directly, without assigning it to an order, until relatives are found and/or its systematic position gets resolved better.^[1]