Neuronal calcium sensor-1

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Frequenin homolog (Drosophila)
Identifiers
Symbol FREQ
Alt. Symbols DKFZp761L1223, FLUP(Frequenin-like ubiquitous protein), NCS1, NCS-1, Neuronal calcium sensor 1
Entrez 23413
HUGO 3953
OMIM 603315
PDB 1G8I
RefSeq NM_014286
UniProt Q9UK26, P36610 P62166, Q9UK26, P36610
Other data
Locus Chr. 9 q34

NCS1 or neuronal calcium sensor-1 is a member of Neuronal calcium sensor family which, are EF hand containing calcium-myristoyl-switch proteins. This neuronal protein is called frequenin in the invertebrates and thus named homolog of Drosophila Frequenin and its official symbol is FREQ. Its level is supposed to increase in Bipolar disorder and some Schizophrenia, and reduced in human X-linked mental retardation and chronic inflammatory bowel diseases.[1] It is a calcium sensor, not a calcium buffer (chelator); thus it is a high-affinity, low-capacity, calcium-binding protein.

[edit] Functions

FREQ can substitute for calmodulin in some situations. It is thought to be associated with neuronal secretory vesicles and regulate neurosecretion.

  1. It is the Ca2+-sensing subunit of the yeast phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns)-4-OH kinase, PIK1
  2. It binds to many proteins, some in calcium dependent and some in calcium independent ways, and switches many of the targets "on" (some off).
    1. Calcineurin (protein phosphatase 2B)
    2. GRK2 (G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2)
    3. D2 Dopamine receptor
    4. IL1RAPL (interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein-like protein)
    5. PI4KIIIβ (type III phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase β)
    6. IP3 receptor (This activity is inhibited by Lithium- the main drug for Bipolar disorder[2]
    7. 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases
    8. ARF1 (ADP Ribosylation factor 1)
    9. A type (Kv4.3; Shal-related subfamily, member 3) voltage gated potassium channels
    10. Nitric oxide synthase
    11. TRPC5 channel (Hui et al, J Physiol. 2006 Apr 1;572(Pt 1):165-72)

[edit] External links

[edit] References

  1. ^ Lourenssen S, Jeromin A, Roder J, Blennerhassett MG (2002). "Intestinal inflammation modulates expression of the synaptic vesicle protein neuronal calcium sensor-1". Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 282 (6): G1097–104. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00320.2001. PMID 12016136. 
  2. ^ Schlecker C, Boehmerle W, Jeromin A, DeGray B, Varshney A, Sharma Y, Szigeti-Buck K, Ehrlich BE (2006). "Neuronal calcium sensor-1 enhancement of InsP3 receptor activity is inhibited by therapeutic levels of lithium". J. Clin. Invest. 116 (6): 1668–74. doi:10.1172/JCI22466. PMID 16691292. 
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