Nerio II Acciaioli
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Nerio II Acciaioli (1416 – 1451) was the Duke of Athens[1] on two separate occasions from 1435 to 1439 and again from 1441 to 1451. He was a member of the Acciaioli family of Florence, the son of Francesco Acciaioli, Lord of Sykaminon. His rule was contemporaneous with a renewed Italian philhellenism and corresponding interest in antiquities and the Greek language. Nerio not only spoke Greek naturally, but also owned the most famous monuments of the Hellenic world in his capital of Athens.
Nerio arrived in Greece in 1419 on the death of his father when he was only three years old. He was named heir to his uncle Antonio I of Athens, but on his uncle's death in 1435, he had to fight his uncle's widow Maria Melissena and the Chalcocondylae for the ducal throne. Supported by Murad II, the Ottoman sultan, against the Greek Constantine Palaeologus, Despot of Morea. After securing his position with Turkish help, he was removed by the intrigues of his brother Antonio II and driven from the Acropolis.[2] His inveterate personal enemy, the chronicler Laonicus Chaclocondylas, venomously denigrates him as "effeminate."
Nerio returned to power in 1441 after spending a few short years in Florence. He immediately expelled his brother's widow Maria Zorzi. It is probably that Nerio was present when the Emperor John VIII made a proclamation of Catholicism in the Florentine Duomo on 6 July 1439. In 1444, Nerio went to war against the Turks on the side of Constantine, but came to terms with the Ottomans. He subsequently lost Thebes to Constantine and was forced to pay him tribute and become his vassal. In 1446, Murad assisted Nerio in retaking Thebes for the Latins. On his death, he was succeeded by his young son Francesco under the regency of his widow Chiara Zorzi.
[edit] Notes
- ^ Setton, 1975, p 268n. The actual title used by Nerio (Latin: Nerius) was dominus Athenarum et Thebarum or dominus Stives et Sithines, both meaning "lord of Athens [Sethines] and Thebes [Stives]."
- ^ An act celebrated by Florentine poet Jacopo Gaddi in a short verse De Nerio II et Antonio II Acciaiolis fratribus ducibus Athenarum which puts an interesting classical twist on the rivalry between the two brothers:
- Nobile par fratrum, Graecos Dux rexit uterque
- Non simul, alterno tempore sceptra ferens.
- Gesserat haec Nerius, quo pulso Antonius ardens
- Rursus at extincto fratre gerit Nerius.
- Nimium Pollux et Castor in urbe fuissent,
- Si fratrum illis gratia sanctus amor.
- Nobile par fratrum, Graecos Dux rexit uterque
[edit] References
- Setton, Kenneth M. (general editor) A History of the Crusades: Volume III — The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries. Harry W. Hazard, editor. University of Wisconsin Press: Madison, 1975.
- Setton, Kenneth M. Catalan Domination of Athens 1311–1380. Revised edition. Variorum: London, 1975.
