Nepenthes tobaica

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Nepenthes tobaica

Young plant with lower pitchers.

Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Magnoliophyta
Class:	Magnoliopsida
Order:	Caryophyllales
Family:	Nepenthaceae
Genus:	Nepenthes
Species:	N. tobaica

Binomial name

Nepenthes tobaica
Danser (1928)

Synonyms

Nepenthes tobaica
sensu Tamin & M.Hotta in M.Hotta (1986)
[=N. angasanensis/N. tobaica]
Nepenthes tobaica
sensu Danser (1940)
[=N. angasanensis]

Nepenthes tobaica (pronounced /nəˈpɛnθiːz təʊˈbeɪkə/ or /təʊˈbaɪkə/, after Lake Toba) is a highland Nepenthes pitcher plant species native to Sumatra. It is closely related to N. angasanensis and N. mikei.

[edit] Taxonomy

Differences between *N. angasanensis*, *N. mikei* and *N. tobaica* (Salmon & Maulder, 1999)
Character	N. angasanensis	N. mikei	N. tobaica
Habit	Produces offshoots from underground rhizomes	No rhizomes	No rhizomes
Spur	Forked	Fasciculate	Filiform
Inner margin of peristome	Teeth to 1.5-2 mm long	Teeth to 0.2-0.4 mm long	Teeth < 0.2 mm
Stem cross section	Cylindrical	Cylindrical	Cylindrical to obtusely triangular
Bracteoles	Sometimes near base of lowest pedicel only	Half way up every pedicel	At base or slightly below pedicel attachment, few
Pitcher glands	300 / cm²	150-180 / cm²	200-250 / cm²
Pedicels	1-flowered	1-flowered	2-flowered
Inflorescence (female)	55-125 mm long, 9-17 flowers	40-80 mm long, 4-10 flowers	195-400 mm long, 30-50 flowers

In 2001, Charles Clarke performed a cladistic analysis of the Nepenthes species of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia using 70 morphological characteristics of each taxon. The following is a portion of the resultant cladogram, showing part of "Clade 6". The sister pair of N. angasanensis and N. mikei has 79% support.^[1]

unnamed

	N. gracilis

	N. reinwardtiana

unnamed

N. tobaica

79%

	N. angasanensis

	N. mikei

Herbarium specimens of N. tobaica

[edit] References

^ Clarke, C.M. 2001. Nepenthes of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.

Clarke et al. (2000). Nepenthes tobaica. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 12 May 2006.
Oudemans, A.C. 1932. Opus 550. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 75: 202–210.
Salmon, B. & R. Maulder 1999. Notes on Nepenthes from Northern Sumatra. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 28(1): 14-18.