Neopterin

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Neopterin

IUPAC name	2-amino-6-(1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)- 1H-pteridin-4-one
Identifiers
CAS number	[670-65-5]
PubChem	4455
MeSH	Neopterin
SMILES	C1=C(N=C2C(=N1)NC (=NC2=O)N)C(C(CO)O)O
Properties
Molecular formula	C₉H₁₁N₅O₄
Molar mass	253.215 g/mol
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references

Neopterin is a catabolic product of guanosine triphosphate (GTP), a purine nucleotide.

Neopterin belongs to the chemical group known as pteridines. It is synthesised by macrophages (activated T cell) upon stimulation with the cytokine interferon-gamma and is indicative of a pro-inflammatory immune status. Neopterin serves as a marker of cellular immune system activation.

[edit] Neopterin as disease marker

Measurement of neopterin concentrations in body fluids like blood serum, cerebrospinal fluid or urine provides information about activation of cellular immune activation in humans under the control of T helper cells type 1. High neopterin production is associated with increased production of reactive oxygen species, neopterin concentrations also allow to estimate the extent of oxidative stress elicited by the immune system.

Increased neopterin production is found in, but not limited to, the following diseases:

viral infections including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B and Hepatitis C

bacterial infections by intracellular living bacteria such as borrelia (Lyme Disease) and mycobacterium tuberculosis

parasites such as malaria

autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

malignant tumor diseases

allograft rejection episodes.

Neopterin concentrations usually correlate with the extent and activity of the disease, and are also useful to monitor during therapy in these patients. Elevated neopterin concentrations are among the best predictors of adverse outcome in patients with HIV infection, in cardiovascular disease and in various types of cancer.

In the laboratory it is measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA), ELISA, or High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It has a native fluorescence of wavelength excitation at 353nm and emission at 438nm making it readily detected.