Neopentane
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Neopentane | |
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| IUPAC name | neopentane |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | [463-82-1] |
| SMILES | CC(C)(C)C |
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | C5H12 |
| Molar mass | 72.15 g mol−1 |
| Appearance | colorless gas |
| Melting point |
−18 °C (255 K) |
| Boiling point |
10 °C (283 K) |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std enthalpy of formation ΔfH |
−168 kJ/mol |
| Std enthalpy of combustion ΔcH |
−3514 kJ/mol |
| Standard molar entropy S |
217 J·K−1·mol−1 |
| Hazards | |
| EU classification | Highly flammable (F+) Dangerous for the environment (N) |
| NFPA 704 |
 4
1
0
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| R-phrases | R12, R51/53 |
| S-phrases | (S2), S9, S16, S33, S61 |
| Flash point | flammable gas |
| Related compounds | |
| Related alkanes | Pentane Isopentane |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references |
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Neopentane, also called dimethylpropane or 2,2-dimethylpropane, is a double-branched-chain alkane with five carbon atoms. Neopentane is an extremely flammable gas at room temperature and pressure which can condense into a highly volatile liquid on a cold day, in an ice bath, or when compressed to a higher pressure.
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[edit] Nomenclature
IUPAC nomenclature retains the trivial name neopentane.[1] Dimethylpropane is the systematic name. The respective substituent numbers (the 2,2-) are unnecessary because there can be no isomers of this molecule with dimethylpropane as part of their names.
A neopentyl substituent or a neopentyl compound has the structure Me3C-CH2- for instance neopentyl alcohol.
[edit] Isomers
Neopentane is one of three structural isomers with the molecular formula C5H12, the others being pentane and isopentane.
[edit] NMR spectrum
Neopentane has Td symmetry. As a result, all protons are chemically equivalent leading to a single chemical shift at δ 0.902 in carbon tetrachloride.[2] This is similar to the silane analog, tetramethylsilane which has a single chemical shift, defined as δ 0 by convention.
Chirally deuterated neopentane ([2H1,2H2,2H3]-neopentane) is an interesting molecule. The neopentane is rendered chiral by the isotopic substitution of hydrogen . Its chirality arises solely by the mass distribution of its nuclei, while its electron distribution is completely achiral.
[edit] References
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The references in this article would be clearer with a different or consistent style of citation, footnoting, or external linking. |
- ^ Table 19(a) Acyclic and monocyclic hydrocarbons. Parent hydrocarbons
- ^ Spectral Database for Organic Compounds, Proton NMR spectrum of neopentane, accessed 19 Nov 2006.
- Panico, R.; & Powell, W. H. (Eds.) (1994). A Guide to IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds 1993. Oxford: Blackwell Science. ISBN 0-632-03488-2.
[edit] External links
- European Chemicals Bureau
- NIST Chemistry WebBook
- IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry (online version of the "Blue Book")
- Molview from bluerhinos.co.uk See Neopentane in 3D
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