Neochlamisus

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Neochlamisus
Adult Neochlamisus bebbianae on the host plant Salix bebbiana
Adult Neochlamisus bebbianae on the host plant Salix bebbiana
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota
Infraclass: Neoptera
Superorder: Endopterygota
Order: Coleoptera
Suborder: Polyphaga
Superfamily: Chrysomeloidea
Family: Chrysomelidae
Subfamily: Cryptocephalinae
Tribe: Chlamisini
Genus: Neochlamisus
Karren, 1972
Species

Many, see text

Leaf beetles of the genus Neochlamisus are sometimes known as the warty leaf beetles. They are members of the case-bearing leaf beetle group, the Camptosomata. Measuring 3-4 millimeters in length as adults, they are cryptic, superficially resembling caterpillar frass[1].

Contents

[edit] Life history

In the spring, female Neochlamisus lay eggs singly on the leaves or stems of their host plant and then form a case of fecal material around each[2]. The larvae remain on the natal host plant and add to and enlarge their fecal cases as they grow. Case enlargement in Neochlamisus is an elaborate process that larvae perform regularly until the case is sealed to the substrate prior to pupation. During this stage of the life cycle, beetles are immobile and are particularly vulnerable to predation. After about twenty days the newly hardened adult cuts a clean circle around the apex of the case, lifts this cap, and flies off to feed and mate. They are univoltine and undergo an adult winter diapause. Neochlamisus adults feed and mate on the larval host plant species.

Neochlamisus species are typically very host-plant-specific and most species primarily use but a single host plant genus or even a single species[3]. A rather well-known exception is N. bebbianae which feeds on particular species from six tree genera representing five different plant families[4]. N. bebbianae populations associated with each of these plants are referred to as separate "host forms" and are the subject of ongoing studies of host-associated speciation.

[edit] Selected species[verification needed]

  • Neochlamisus assimilis Klug, 1824
  • Neochlamisus bebbianae
  • Neochlamisus bimaculatus
  • Neochlamisus chaemaedaphnes Brown, 1943
  • Neochlamisus comptoniae Brown, 1943
  • Neochlamisus cribripennis Leconte, 1878
  • Neochlamisus eubati Brown, 1943
  • Neochlamisus fragariae Brown, 1952
  • Neochlamisus gibbosus Fabricius, 1777
  • Neochlamisus insularis Schaeffer, 1926
  • Neochlamisus jacobyi Blackwelder, 1946
  • Neochlamisus memnonius Lacordaire
  • Neochlamisus moestificus Lacordaire, 1848
  • Neochlamisus platani
  • Neochlamisus scabripennis Schaeffer, 1926
  • Neochlamisus subelata Schaeffer, 1926
  • Neochlamisus tuberculatus Klug, 1824
  • Neochlamisus velutinus Karren, 1972

[edit] Footnotes

  1. ^ Karren (1972)
  2. ^ Brown & Funk (2005)
  3. ^ Brown (1943, 1946, 1952), Karren (1972)
  4. ^ Brown (1943), Karren (1972)

[edit] References

  • Brown, C.G. & Funk, D.J. (2005): Aspects of the natural history of Neochlamisus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): fecal-case-associated life history and behavior, with a method for studying insect constructions. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 98(5): 711-725. DOI:10.1603/0013-8746(2005)098[0711:AOTNHO]2.0.CO;2 HTML abstract
  • Brown, W.J. (1943): The Canadian species of Exema and Arthrochlamys (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Can. Entomol. 75: 119-131.
  • Brown, W.J. (1946): Some new Chrysomelidae, with notes on other species (Coleoptera). Can. Entomol. 84: 48-49.
  • Brown, W.J. (1952): Some species of Phytophaga (Coleoptera). Can. Entomol. 84: 336-342.
  • Funk, D.J. (1998): Isolating a role for natural selection in speciation: host adaptation and sexual isolation in Neochlamisus bebbianae leaf beetles. Evolution 52(6): 1744-1759. doi:10.2307/2411347 (HTML abstract and first page image)
  • Funk, D.J.; Filchak, K.E. & Feder, J.L. (2002): Herbivorous insects: model systems for the comparative study of speciation ecology. Genetica 116(2-3): 251-267. doi:10.1023/A:1021236510453 (HTML abstract)
  • Karren, J.B. (1972): A revision of the subfamily Chlamisinae of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 49(12): 875-988.

[edit] External links

Neochlamisus (TSN 719783). Integrated Taxonomic Information System.