Nelson Railway Proposals
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There have been various proposals to link the city of Nelson to the rest of the rail network in New Zealand’s South Island, however, none have come to fruition. Nelson has been served by the Dun Mountain Railway, a mineral tramway which was also used to operate a horse-drawn tram between the city and its port; and the Nelson Section, an isolated, government-owned railway between Nelson and Glenhope which served several existing and developing communities in-between. At no time were either of these operations connected to the rest of the South Island rail network.
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[edit] Proposals
Proposals to connect Nelson to the rest of the South Island network have involved extensions and different routes for the isolated Nelson Section, as well as proposals for completely new lines that didn’t involve connections with the Nelson Section.
[edit] Belgrove – Tophouse route[1]
On 26 July 1880, a government appointed commission made recommendations on the future of several lines under construction or consideration, including those to serve Nelson. It reported that the then under construction Foxhill – Belgrove extension of the Nelson Section should be completed immediately, but the Belgrove – Roundell section was included on the postponed list.
Despite this, work on the survey for the route continued, and was completed as far as Blue Glen by March 1881. Rumours persisted that work on the next 16 km section of the route would soon commence, and were enough of an incentive for many unemployed people to seek work at Belgrove. In 1883, a contract was let for work to begin on the next 4 km of the formation, a job that was completed by early 1885, at which point the work stopped. By the time work on the Nelson Section resumed in 1890, the route had changed with the new objective being the Spooner’s Range tunnel, and the 4 km of formation already built beyond Belgrove was abandoned, costing the taxpayer £10,700. Today, it is used in part as a forestry access road.
From Tophouse, there were various other proposals for connections to the isolated Picton section and the Waiau Branch line. There was also a proposal that the line, from Tophouse, could connect to the West Coast via Kawatiri and Inangahua, but this idea was rejected in favour of passing the line through existing rural communities to the south-west of Nelson to better serve potential customers of the line.[2]
[edit] Inangahua extension[3]
After an abortive attempt to start work on a Belgrove to Tophouse route in the 1880s, the Midland Railway Company, having been selected to continue construction of the line beyond Belgrove, selected a route that passed through the Spooner Range using a summit tunnel. The intention was that the line would continue westwards, via Murchison and the Buller River gorge, to the nearest railhead at Inangahua Junction.
Though the terminus of the line for most of its existence was at Glenhope, the Glenhope to Kawatiri section was opened on 21 June 1926 and the Kawatiri to Gowanbridge section was, by 1930, complete to the point where trains could be run to Gowanbridge station. Formation work continued beyond Gowanbridge to where it met the Mangles River, some 24 km beyond Gowanbridge and just 6 km shy of Murchison.
In January 1931, the government ordered an immediate halt to all work on the line, ostensibly due to economic conditions. It was estimated that at the time the work stopped, it would have only required a further six months to finish all the formation work to the 82 mile peg and ballasting and platelaying work could have started within months and been completed without interruption all the way to Murchison. The goal of a connection as originally intended at Inangahua fell short by 42 miles, a failure that eventually contributed to the demise of the section.
Despite a trial line survey done in 1939 and promises made during the 1949 election campaign by both major political parties to restore the section of line between Glenhope and Gowanbridge, and to continue it on to Murchison, no further work was undertaken on the line beyond Glenhope.
[edit] Seddonville extension[4]
In 1926, the engineer in charge of the survey party planning the route of the Nelson Section through the Buller Gorge had doubts about the viability of the route for a railway. As a theoretical exercise, he investigated an alternate route that would connect the Nelson Section to the Seddonville Branch. Such a route would have departed from the planned route for the Nelson Section at Owen Junction and joined the railhead at Seddonville. This option was discarded as it would have required a tunnel at least as long as the Otira Tunnel which could not have been contemplated at the time.
[edit] Larry’s Creek extension[4]
Similar to the Inangahua extension, and also because of concerns about the feasibility of a railway through the Buller Gorge, the engineer in charge of the survey party also considered an alternate route up the Maruia River valley which would have joined the Stillwater – Westport line between Reefton and Inangahua Junction at or near Larry’s Creek.
[edit] Nelson – Blenheim Line[5]
The 1957 – 1960 Labour Government had promised, if elected, to look into the possibility of constructing a line between Nelson and Blenheim. This proposal was based on an earlier idea for a rail connection between Nelson and Blenheim from 1874. On 19 March 1958, a report was duly released by the Minister of Railways which examined two possible routes, and later, on 8 April 1959, the Minister of Works proposed a third route. They were:
- Nelson-Wakapuaka-Havelock-Grovetown/Blenheim: A route, via the Tinline and Pelorus valleys, of 91½ km, including 9½ km of tunnelling and 2.6 km of bridging.
- Nelson-Brightwater-Blenheim: A route, via the Wairoa River, Goulter River and Wairau River valleys, of 120 km, including 5.6 km of tunnelling.
- Nelson, via the Whangamoa and Rai valleys, to Blenheim: A more favourable route which, even at 101.8 km in length, would only require 4.8 km of tunnelling and 2.3 km of bridging. This route was reported to be the most likely in the news media.
In April 1960, the acting Prime Minister announced that the government had selected the cheapest option, with prices ranging from £10,300,000 to £16,500,000. Prime Minister Walter Nash officially opened the project on 1 March 1960 at a ceremony attended by 3,000 people, at which a plaque to commemorate the occasion was unveiled.
Work was halted when the Auditor General declared the project to be illegal under the Public Works Act 1928 until an authorising act was passed. Accordingly, on 29 July 1960, the Nelson Railway Authorisation Act 1960, No 3 was passed; with the government having a majority of one for each vote. The Schedule (Railway Authorised) of the Act provided that:
- Name of Railway: Nelson - South Island Main Trunk
- Extent Authorised: "A line from Nelson via Pelorus Bridge and Havelock to a junction with the South Island Main Trunk Railway in the vicinity of Grovetown. Length about 65 miles." (or 104.6 km)
Work-to-date had included reclamation for the new Nelson railway station and yards, and an embankment across mudflats to the main road was under construction. The Railways Department had already determined that the line would initially be uneconomic, but later the operating costs would be covered by revenue from timber traffic alone, without counting all the other industrial freight that could also be expected.
In the 1960 general election campaign, the National Party had a policy of stopping the line. When they won the election, the new Prime Minister Keith Holyoake announced on 14 December 1960 that all work was to stop forthwith and that the authorisation legislation would be repealed in the first session of parliament. The Act was repealed in 1961. Today, the plaque remains in an open field outside the city as a reminder of what might have been.
When it became clear that the threat to the future of the Nelson Section was serious, a Nelson – Blenheim link was suggested as an extension of the Nelson Section and an alternate route by which it could be connected to the rest of the South Island network to hopefully improve its fortunes.
[edit] Today
The only sign of rail activity in Nelson is a short, heritage operation run by the Nelson Railway Society from Founders Historical Park using their own line between Wakefield Quay Station and Grove Station. The society has proposed future extensions of their line, possibly into or near the city centre.
Since the aborted 1960 Labour Government proposal to construct a line between Nelson and Blenheim, there have been no further proposals to provide Nelson with a rail connection to the rest of the South Island network. Nelson remains the only major city in New Zealand without a rail connection.
[edit] See also
[edit] Footnotes
- ^ Voller, Lois (1991). "Chapter 4: Which Way South?", Rails To Nowhere: The History of the Nelson Railway. Nelson: Nikau Press. ISBN 0-9597974-1-6.
- ^ Dew, Leslie (2001). "Locating The Great Northern", The Great Northern: the story of the Waiau Branch Railway. Christchurch: Weka Pass Railway, 15. ISBN 0-473-07188-6.
- ^ Churchman, Geoffrey B.; Hurst, Tony [1990] (2001). "Chapter Twelve: Nelson and Marlborough", The Railways of New Zealand: A journey through history, 2nd edition, Wellington: Transpress New Zealand, 171. ISBN 0-908876-20-3.
- ^ a b Roberts, F. K. (1998). "Chapter Two: The Midland Line", A Compendium of Railway Construction, Part Three: Nelson and West Coast Region. Wellington: New Zealand Railway and Locomotive Society, 20. ISBN 0-908573-74-X.
- ^ Churchman, Geoffrey B.; Hurst, Tony [1990] (2001). "Chapter Twelve: Nelson and Marlborough", The Railways of New Zealand: A journey through history, 2nd edition, Wellington: Transpress New Zealand, 173. ISBN 0-908876-20-3.
