Nechung Oracle
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The Nechung Oracle is the State Oracle of Tibet. The medium of the State Oracle currently resides with the current Dalai Lama in Dharamsala, India. Prior to the Himalayan diaspora resulting from the annexure of Tibet by the Chinese Cultural Revolution,[1] the Nechung Oracle was the designated head of a specific monastery in Tibet (Pearlman, 2002: p.94).
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[edit] History
In Tibet and throughout the greater Himalayan region, oracles have played, and continue to play, an important part in revelation, religion, doctrine and prophecy. In Tibet, the Nechung Oracle and other oracles on occasion, have also played principal roles assisting governmental decision-making and providing intelligence on pressing matters of State. There are a number of oracular traditions within the Himalaya of which the Nechung is but one. The word "oracle" is used by Tibetans to refer to the spirit, deity or entity - which in the Himalayan tradition is more appropriately rendered in English as "mindstream thoughtform" - that through temporary possession (or various styles of periodic or ongoing possession depending on the tradition) enters those men and women who act as media between the phenomenal natural world and the subtle spiritual realms. These media are, therefore, known as kuten, which literally means, "the physical basis". Post-possession may involve protracted convalescence and recovery for the kuten.
The tulku of the institution of the Dalai Lama, consults the oracle known as the Nechung Oracle, which is considered the Official State Oracle of the government of Tibet. The Nechung was formerly a Nyingma tradition. He gives a complete description of the process of trance and possession in his book Freedom in Exile.[2]
[edit] Beginnings
Pearlman (2002: p.94) frames the inauguration and installation of the tradition of the State Oracle by identifying key stakeholders: Padmasambhava, Samye, Vajrakilaya, Dharma, sangha, genius loci:
When Padmasambhava consecrated Samye Monastery with the Vajrakilaya dance, he tamed the local spirit protector, Pehar Gyalp, and bound him by oath to become the head of the entire hierarchy of Buddhist protective spirits. Pehar, later known as Dorje Drakden, became the principal protector of the Dalai Lamas, manifesting through the Nechung Oracle.
According to the Dalai Lama, "Tibetans rely on oracles for various reasons. The purpose of the oracles is not just to foretell the future. They are called upon as protectors and sometimes used as healers. However, their primary function is to protect the Buddha Dharma and its practitioners."
The rite of the Oracle possessing the kuten is ancient, entering the tradition from the Bonpo and Ngagpa, and traditionally involves a detailed evocative liturgy including such elements as fanfare, dance, mudra and mantra to invoke the Oracle who forcefully projects their mindstream via the discipline of phowa, temporarily possessing the physical basis.
[edit] Key prophecies
Pearlman (2002: p.94) relates two prophecies prophesied by the Nechung Oracle: the famous prophecy that during the Year of the Tiger Tibet would encounter a grave and "great difficulty"; and the fortuitious second prophecy outlining the flight from Tibet of the Jewel of the Compassionate Ocean, an epiphet for the Dalai Lama:
In 1947 Lobsang Jigme, the Tibetan State Oracle, prophesied that in the Year of the Tiger, 1950, Tibet would face great difficulty. In 1951, Lobsang Jigme fell ill, some say because of his repeated troubling visions, and for years was unable to walk without assistance. In 1959, after predicting the Dalai Lama's flight, Lobsang Jigme spent two months walking to India with His Holiness. His illness was eventually cured.
[edit] Ceremony
Pearlman (2002: p.94-95) describes the ritual investiture of the Nechung Oracle that is constituted by sacred symbols and iconography in the colours of the Five Pure Lights and Mahabhuta and includes lungta, bija and dhvaja:
On formal occasions, the Kuten is dressed in an elaborate costume consisting of several layers of clothing topped by a highly ornate robe of golden silk brocade, which is covered with ancient designs in red and blue and green and yellow [colors traditionally subscribed to the Mahabhuta]. On his chest he wears a circular mirror which is surrounded by clusters of turquoise and amethyst, its polished steel flashing with the Sanskrit mantra corresponding to Dorje Drakden. Before the proceedings begin, he also puts on a sort of harness, which supports four flags and three victory banners. Altogether, this outfit weighs more than seventy pounds and the medium, when not in trance, can hardly walk in it.
In addition to this regalia, when the Kuten's trance deepens, the assistants that have been supporting the physical basis place a headress on his head which weighs approximately 30 pounds, though in former times it weighed over 80. (Pearlman, 2002: p.96) The circular mirror is a divine attribute and tool, known as a melong (Tibetan: "mirror"), that is a potent polyvalent symbol of Dzogchen and Dzogchen teachings.
- Heinrich Harrer
It was during the time when Heinrich Harrer, the Austrian mountain climber and life long friend of His Holiness the Dalai Lama, lived the story of seven years in Tibet which later became the movie. After becoming Tibetanised and fluent in Tibetan as well as married to a Tibetan, Harrer was invited to a high lama's house for Losar in Lhasa one year. During this occasion the Lama made Harrer aware of the centuries old Nechung Prophecy which predicted the arrival of a great power to Tibet one day, and that power having one main aim to smash the religion. The same prophecy went on to explain that the power which comes to Tibet to smash the religion would dominate and eventually destroy the planet.
The film failed to convey this point which could have been the most important point in the whole story of "Seven Years in Tibet". The same oracle also had the tibetans send people to India to construct temples before the Chinese invaded. It was not long after Heinrich Harrer was told this that the prophecy actually came true.
[edit] See also
[edit] Notes
- ^ For greater detail regarding the annexure refer: Tibetan sovereignty debate.
- ^ The Government of Tibet in Exile. Nechung - The State Oracle of Tibet.
[edit] References
- Pearlman, Ellen (2002). Tibetan Sacred Dance: a journey into the religious and folk traditions. Rochester, Vermont, USA: Inner Traditions. ISBN 0-89281-918-0
[edit] External links
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