User:Ndsg/Izafet
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[edit] Linking nouns (izafet/tamlama)
Two nouns, or groups of nouns, may be joined in one of two ways:
- definite (possessive) compound (belirtili tamlama). Eg Türkiye'nin sesi "the voice of Turkey (radio station)": the voice belonging to Turkey. Here the relationship is shown by the genitive ending -in4 added to the first noun; the second noun has the third-person suffix -(s)i4.
- indefinite (qualifying) compound (belirtisiz tamlama). Eg Türkiye Cumhuriyeti "Turkey-Republic[1] = the Republic of Turkey": not the republic belonging to Turkey, but the Republic that is Turkey. Here the first noun has no ending; but the second noun has the ending -(s)i4—the same as in definite compounds.
The following table illustrates these principles.[2] In some cases the constituents of the compounds are themselves compounds: these subsidiary compounds are marked with [square brackets].
| Definite (possessive) | Indefinite (qualifier) | Complement | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| kimsenin | cevabı | nobody's answer | |
| kimse | cevabı | the answer "nobody" | |
| Atatürk'ün | evi | Atatürk's house | |
| Atatürk | Bulvarı | Atatürk Boulevard (named after, not belonging to, Atatürk) | |
| Orhan'ın | ismi | Orhan's name | |
| Orhan | ismi | the name "Orhan" | |
| Türk | [Dil Kurumu] | Turkish language-society | |
| [Türk Dili] | Dergisi | Turkish-language review | |
| Ford | [aile arabası] | Ford family car | |
| Ford'un | [aile arabası] | (Mr) Ford's family car | |
| [Ford ailesi]nin | arabası | the Ford family's car[3] | |
| Ankara | [Kız Lisesi][4] | Ankara Girls' School | |
| [sene sonu] | imtihanları | year-end examinations | |
| Bulgaristan'ın | [İstanbul Başkonsolosluğu] | the Istanbul Consulate-General of Bulgaria (located in Istanbul, but belonging to Bulgaria) | |
| [[İstanbul Üniversitesi] [Edebiyat Fakültesi]] | [[Türk Edebiyatı] Profesörü] | Professor of Turkish Literature in the Faculty of Letters of the University of Istanbul | |
| ne oldum | delisi | "what-have-I-become!" madman = parvenu who gives himself airs |
As the last example shows, the qualifying expression may be a substantival sentence rather than a noun or noun group.[5]
[edit] References
- ^ Lewis points out that "an indefinite izafet group can be turned into intelligible (though not necessarily normal) English by the use of a hyphen". Lewis (2001): 42.
- ^ The examples are taken from Lewis (2001): 41-47.
- ^ For other possible permutations of this vehicle, see Lewis (2001):46.
- ^ "It is most important to note that the third-person suffix is not repeated though though theoretically one might have expected Ankara [Kız Lisesi]si." Lewis (2001): 45 footnote.
- ^ The term substantival sentence is Lewis's. Lewis(2001:257).
