Naval War College
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| US Naval War College | |
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| (U.S. National Historic Landmark District) | |
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| Location: | Newport, Rhode Island |
| Coordinates: | Coordinates: |
| Built/Founded: | 1884 |
| Architect: | Mason,George C., & Sons |
| Architectural style(s): | Other |
| Added to NRHP: | October 15, 1966 |
| NRHP Reference#: | 66000876[1] |
| Governing body: | DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY |
The Naval War College (NWC) is an education and research institution of the United States Navy that specializes in developing ideas for naval warfare and passing them along to officers of the Navy. The college is located in Newport, Rhode Island. In addition to its degree programs, the College hosts various symposia and conferences.
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[edit] History
The College was established on October 6, 1884 and its first president, Commodore Stephen B. Luce, was given the old building of the Newport Asylum for the Poor to house it on Coaster's Harbor Island in Narragansett Bay. Among the first four faculty members were Tasker H. Bliss, a future Army Chief of Staff, James R. Soley, the first civilian faculty member and a future Assistant Secretary of the Navy, and most famously Captain (later, Rear Admiral) Alfred Thayer Mahan, who soon became renowned for the scope of his strategic thinking and influence on naval leaders worldwide. Despite Mahan's prestige, the College was long met with skepticism by Navy officers accustomed to conducting all education aboard ship.
The College engaged in wargaming various scenarios from 1887 on, and in time became a laboratory for the development of war plans. Nearly all of the U.S. naval operations of the twentieth century were originally designed and gamed at the NWC.
One of the most famous achievements of the NWC was the Global War Game, a large-scale wargaming effort to model possible United States-Soviet Union confrontation during the Cold War.
[edit] Curricula
Its principal courses of study are "Strategy and Policy", "National Security and Decision Making", and "Joint Military Operations". Students from all branches of the military, as well as foreign militaries, work towards a Master of Arts.
The Naval War College has two international courses, Naval Command College (NCC) and Naval Staff College (NSC), specifically prepared for the naval officers of other nations. Graduates of these programs include numerous chiefs of the maritime forces all over the world.
Despite the extensive international presence, the Naval War College, unlike other U.S. military staff colleges, has never granted a master's degree to an officer of another nation.[citation needed] The Naval War College declines to grant degrees to its international graduates because some officers from other navies have no undergraduate credential, generally an essential requirement for conferring a master's degree in the United States.
[edit] Publications
The NWC Press has published a number of books, and has put out the quarterly Naval War College Review since 1948.
[edit] Buildings and structures
Over the years, the Naval War College has expanded greatly. The original building, the former Newport Asylum for the Poor, now serves as home to the Naval War College Museum. In 1892, the structure now known as Luce Hall opened as the college's new home, at a cost of $100,000. At the time, the building housed lecture rooms and a library. Wings at either end provided two sets of quarters, occupied by the president of the College and members of the faculty. When the Naval War College was enlarged in 1932, this original building was renamed Luce Hall in honor of the institution's founder and first Superintendent (later President), Stephen B. Luce. The building was entered onto the National Register of Historic Places on September 22, 1972.
Mahan Hall, named for Rear Admiral Alfred Thayer Mahan (NWC President from 1886–1889 and 1892–1893), was completed and opened in 1904, and encompasses the historic Mahan Rotunda and Reading Room, as well as student study areas. The Mahan Rotunda also serves as an impromptu museum of gifts and artifacts donated by graduating international students over the years.
Pringle Hall (named for Vice Admiral Joel R. P. Pringle, NWC President from 1927–1930) was opened in 1934, and was the principal site for war gaming from the time of its completion in 1934 until the Naval Electronic Warfare Simulator was built in Sims Hall in 1957. The exterior facing of the building is pink Milford granite, similar in appearance to the ashlar granite of Luce Hall, to which it is connected by two enclosed bridges. Pringle Hall contains a 432-seat auditorium, the Quinn Lecture Room, the Naval Staff College, the Graphic Arts Studio, the Information Resources Department, and the Photography Branch.
In 1947, the NWC acquired an existing barracks building and converted it to a secondary war gaming facility, naming it Sims Hall after former War College President Admiral William Sowden Sims (NWC President from Feb. to Apr. 1917 and again from 1919-1922). In 1957 Sims Hall became the primary center for the Naval War College's wargaming department, serving as such until 1999.
The 1970's saw the War College's most active expansion, with the opening of three separate buildings. In 1972, Spruance Hall, named for former NWC President Admiral Raymond A. Spruance (March 1946 - July 1948), was completed, housing faculty offices and an 1,100 seat auditorium.
In 1974, Conolly Hall was opened and named in honor of Admiral Richard L. Conolly, Naval War College President 1950–1953. It houses the NWC Quarterdeck, Administrative and faculty offices, numerous class and conference rooms, and two underground parking garages.
1976 saw the opening of Hewitt Hall, one of two Naval War College buildings not named for a War College president, this time taking its name from Admiral Henry Kent Hewitt, an advisor to the NWC during his tenure as Commander, U.S. Naval Forces Europe following World War II. Hewitt Hall is home to the Henry E. Eccles Library, the Trident Café, the bookstore and barbershop, and student study areas and lounge.
In 1999, the state-of-the-art McCarty Little Hall opened, replacing Sims Hall as the War College's primary wargaming facility. The other building named for a non-president, it is named after Captain William McCarty Little, an influential leader and key figure in refining the techniques of war gaming. This high-tech facility is used primarily by the Center for Naval Warfare Studies to conduct war games and major conferences, and for research and analysis. The building features the technology necessary to support a variety of multi-media needs essential during multiple and simultaneous war games.
[edit] Notable U.S. Graduates
- Fleet Admiral Ernest J. King, Chief of Naval Operations, 1942-45
- Fleet Admiral Chester W. Nimitz, Chief of Naval Operations, 1945-47
- Fleet Admiral William F. Halsey, Jr., WWII decorated officer
- Admiral William Fallon, Commander, U.S. Central Command
- Admiral Kent Hewitt
- Admiral Thomas H. Moorer, Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff, 1970-74
- Admiral Raymond Spruance
- Admiral James G. Stavridis, Commander, U.S. Southern Command
- Admiral Elmo Zumwalt, Chief of Naval Operations, 1970-74
- Admiral Robert E. Kramek, Commandant of the U.S. Coast Guard, 1990-1994
- Admiral Jeremy Michael Boorda, 25th Chief of Naval Operations, Washington, D.C.
- General Michael Hagee, Commandant, U.S. Marine Corps
- General John Shalikashvili, Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff, 1993-97
- Rear Admiral E. Crosby White
- Christopher R. Hill, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs in the Government of the United States
[edit] Notable International Graduates
- Admiral Panagiotis Chinofotis, Chief of the Hellenic National Defense General Staff, 2005 - .
- Vice Admiral Russ Shalders, Chief of Navy, Australia, 2005 -.
- General Håkan Syrén, commander in chief, Swedish Armed Forces, 2003- .
- Admiral Arun Prakash, Chief of Naval Staff, Indian Navy, and Chairman, Chiefs of Staff Committee, India, 2004 - 2006.
- Vice Admiral Ko Tun-hwa former Vice Minister of Defense, Republic of China and is currently the National Policy Advisor to the President of the Republic of China (Taiwan).
- Vice Admiral Mateo M Mayuga AFP Flag Officer In Command, Philippine Navy 09 Dec 10 - 09 Dec 07
- Fleet Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, Commander-in-Chief of the Japanese Combined Fleet during World War II
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
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