Nathusius's Pipistrelle
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| Pipistrellus nathusii (Keyserling & Blasius, 1839) |
Nathusius' Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus nathusii) is a small bat in the pipistrelle genus. It is very similar to the Common Pipistrelle and has been overlooked in many areas until recently but it is widely distributed across Europe.
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[edit] Description
The length of the head and body is 46-55 mm and the wingspan is 220-250 mm. It has a forearm length of 32-40 mm and weighs about 6-15.5g. Its fur is medium-dark reddish-brown above, often with paler tips, and is pale brown below. The fur is longer and less uniformly-coloured than the Common Pipistrelle. It is also larger than the Common Pipistrelle with broader wings. The face, ears, wings and tail are dark.
[edit] Distribution
Nathusius' Pipistrelle occurs from Western Europe eastward as far as the Ural Mountains, Turkey and the Caucasus. It is highly migratory with individuals from northern and eastern areas moving south-west for the winter. Preferred habitats are parkland and light woodland, often near water.
It is generally commoner in Central and Eastern Europe. In the west it is mainly a rare winter visitor but new breeding colonies have been found in several areas in recent years. In the British Isles it was previously thought to be a vagrant with only a handful of records including several from oil rigs in the North Sea. It is now known to breed at several sites in Britain and Ireland.
Threats to the species include the loss of hollow trees and toxic chemicals from the treatment of timber in buildings. However, it is a protected species in many countries and breeds successfully in bat boxes.
[edit] Diet and reproduction
It emerges early to hunt, flying in straight lines with rapid, deep wingbeats at around 3 to 15 metres above the ground. It feeds on small to medium-sized flying insects, particularly chironomid midges.
Breeding colonies are located in hollow trees, bat boxes and sometimes in buildings. Mating takes place from July to early September when males gather a harem of females in their mating territory. In spring the females gather at nursery roosts where they give birth to two young.
[edit] Echolocation
The frequencies used by this bat species for echolocation lie between 36-62 kHz, have most energy at 41 kHz and have an average duration of 6.9 ms.[1]
[edit] References
- Frank Greenaway & A. M. Hudson (1990) A Field Guide to British Bats, Bruce Coleman Books, Uxbridge
- Jon Russ (2004) Nathusius' pipistrelle in Great Britain & Ireland (retrieved 15/01/07)
- Wilfried Schober & Eckard Grimmberger (1993) Hamlyn Guide: Bats of Britain and Europe, Hamlyn, London.
- R. E. Stebbings & Francesca Griffith (1986) Distribution and Status of Bats in Europe, Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Huntingdon.
- ^ Obrist, M.K., Boesch, R. and Flückiger, P.F. (2004) 'Variability in echolocation call design of 26 Swiss bat species: Consequences, limits and options for automated field identification with a synergic pattern recognition approach.' Mammalia., 68 (4): 307-32.
[edit] External links
- ARKive Photographs, Video.
