Nathaniel Macon
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| Nathaniel Macon | |
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| In office December 7, 1801 – March 4, 1807 |
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| President | Thomas Jefferson |
| Preceded by | Theodore Sedgwick |
| Succeeded by | Joseph B. Varnum |
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| In office March 4, 1791 – March 3, 1803 |
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| Preceded by | John Sevier |
| Succeeded by | James Gillespie |
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| In office March 4, 1803 – December 13, 1815 |
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| Preceded by | William H. Hill |
| Succeeded by | Weldon N. Edwards |
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| In office December 5, 1815 – November 14, 1828 |
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| Preceded by | Francis Locke |
| Succeeded by | Montfort Stokes |
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| In office May 20, 1826 – December 2, 1827 |
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| Preceded by | John Gaillard |
| Succeeded by | Samuel Smith |
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| Born | December 17, 1758 Warrenton, North Carolina |
| Died | June 29, 1837 (aged 78) Warrenton, North Carolina |
| Political party | Anti-Administration Democratic-Republican |
| Alma mater | College of New Jersey |
Nathaniel Macon (December 17, 1758 – June 29, 1837) was a spokesman for the Old Republican faction of the Democratic-Republican Party that wanted to strictly limit the federal government. Macon was born near Warrenton, North Carolina and attended the College of New Jersey and served briefly in the American Revolutionary War. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1791 to 1815; from 1801 to 1807 he was Speaker of the House. He served in the Senate from December, 1815, until his resignation in 1828. He was president of the North Carolina Constitutional Convention of 1835.
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[edit] Political Life
Macon opposed the Constitution and spent his four decades in Congress making sure the national government would remain weak. He was especially hostile to a navy. Macon detested Alexander Hamilton and the Federalist program. He bitterly opposed the Jay Treaty in 1795, the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798, and the movement for war with France in 1798–99. He supported Jefferson's purchase of Louisiana in 1803 and tried to get Jefferson to purchase Florida as well. He strenuously opposed building a navy, fearing the expense would create a financial interest. He supported all of the foreign policies of Jefferson and Madison from 1801 to 1817. In 1809 he chaired the foreign relations committee and reported successively the two bills that bear his name, although he was the author of neither and was definitely opposed to the second.
Macon Bill No. 1 attacked British shipping, but was defeated. In May 1810, Macon's Bill No. 2 was passed, giving the president power to suspend trade with either Great Britain or France if the other should cease to interfere with United States commerce. Macon supported Madison in declaring the War of 1812; he opposed conscription to build the army and opposed higher taxes. He opposed the recharter of the United States Bank in 1811 and in 1816, uniformly voted against any form of protective tariff; he did favor some road construction by the federal government but generally opposed the policy of internal improvements promoted by Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun. In the Missouri debate of 1820 he voted against the compromise brokered by Clay. He was always an earnest defender of slavery.
Macon was for 37 years the most prominent nay-sayer in Congress—a "negative radical".[1] It was said of him that during the entire term of his service no ten other members cast so many negative votes. "Negation was his ward and arm." He was rural and local-minded, and economy was the passion of his public career. "His economy of the public money was the severest, sharpest, most stringent and constant refusal of almost any grant that could be proposed." With him, "not only was...parsimony the best subsidy—but...the only one".[2]
Macon collaborated with John Randolph and John Taylor as part of the Quids or Old Republicans, a faction of the Jeffersonian Republican Party that rejected the Tariff Bill, growth in power of the United States Supreme Court, and other aspects of Neo-Federalism.
[edit] Early life
Nathaniel Macon was the son of Gideon Hunt Macon ( 1715 – 1762) and Priscilla Jones (1718 – March 1802). Gideon Hunt Macon was born in Virginia, but moved to North Carolina in the early 1730’s. He and Priscilla were married in North Carolina in 1744.
Gideon Hunt Macon built “Macon Manor” and became a prosperous tobacco planter. Nathaniel, born at Macon Manor, was the sixth child of Gideon and Priscilla, and he was only five when his father died in 1762. Upon his death, Gideon possessed 3,000 acres (12 km²) of land and 25-30 slaves. Nathaniel was bequeathed two parcels of land and all of his father’s blacksmithing tools. Gideon also left his son three people held in slavery: George, Robb, and Lucy.
In 1766, Priscilla Macon arranged for the education of two of her sons, Nathaniel and John, along with the two sons of her neighbor Philemon Hawkins. For this purpose, they engaged Mr. Charles Pettigrew who later became the Principal of the Academy of Edenton in 1733. The two brothers and their neighbors, Joseph and Benjamin Hawkins, were instructed by him from 1766-1773. Three of the four boys (Nathaniel counted among them) continued on to further their education at the "College of New Jersey" at Princeton.
[edit] Marriage
Nathaniel met Hannah Plummer in 1782 in Warrenton, North Carolina. Her parents were Virginians, as were Nathaniel’s, and they were “well connected”. Nathaniel was a tall man, over 6 feet (1.8 m), and considered attractive, but he was not the only man who was pursuing Miss Plummer. However, after a number of months of courtship, Hannah and Nathaniel decided to marry.
Their wedding took place on October 9, 1783, and their marriage was an affectionate one. They made their home on Hubquarter Creek on their plantation known as “Buck Spring”. It was about 12 miles (19 km) north of Warrenton, near Roanoke, on land which Nathaniel had inherited from his father.
According to bible records, the Macons had three children.
- Betsy Kemp Macon (September 12, 1784 – November 10, 1829) married William John Martin (March 6, 1781-December 11, 1828)
- Seignora Macon (November 15, 1787)
Nathaniel’s wife, Hannah, died on July 11, 1790 when she was just 29 years old. Although Nathaniel was only 32 at the time of her death, he never remarried. It is said that he was devoted to his wife, and his long unmarried life following her early death would suggest that he was faithful to her memory. Her remains were buried not far from their home on the borders of their yard. Their only son died just over a year after Hannah and was buried beside her. When Nathaniel died July 29, 1837 at age 78, he was laid to rest next to his wife and son. As he requested, the site of their graves was covered with a great heap of flint stones so that the land would be left uncultivated because Nathaniel believed that no one would want to go to the trouble of removing all of the flint in order to use the land, thereby preserving burial site.
[edit] Ancestors
Nathaniel’s father’s parents were John Macon (17 December 1695 – March 31, 1752) and Ann Hunt (1697 – February 15, 1725), both of Virginia. Nathaniel’s paternal great-grandparents were Gideon Macon (c.1648-February 1701/2) and Martha Woodward (1665 – 1723. Gideon and Martha Woodward Macon were also the great-grandparents of Martha Dandridge who married George Washington and became First Lady of the United States of America. Therefore, Nathaniel Macon was the second cousin of Martha Dandridge Washington.
| Nathaniel Macon | Father: Gideon Hunt Macon |
Paternal Grandfather: John Macon |
Paternal Great-grandfather: Gideon Macon |
| Paternal Great-grandmother: Martha Woodward |
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| Paternal Grandmother: Ann Hunt |
Paternal Great-grandfather: William Hunt |
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| Paternal Great-grandmother: Tabitha Edloe |
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| Mother: Priscilla Jones |
Maternal Grandfather: Edward Jones |
Maternal Great-grandfather: |
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| Maternal Grandmother: |
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[edit] Places Named for Nathaniel Macon
Macon County, Alabama, Macon County, Illinois, Macon County, Missouri, Macon, Missouri, Macon County, North Carolina, Macon, Georgia, Macon, North Carolina and Macon County, Tennessee are named in his honor. Randolph-Macon College in Virginia also bears his name.
[edit] References
- Dodd, William Edward (1903). The Life of Nathaniel Macon. Edwards & Broughton. OCLC 10971454., pp. 1-4; 41-44.
- William E. Dodd, "The Place of Nathaniel Macon in Southern History," American Historical Review, Vol. 7, No. 4 (Jul., 1902), pp. 663-675 online at JSTOR
- Hamilton, J. G. de Roulhac. "Macon, Nathaniel" in Dictionary of American Biography, Volume 6 (1933)
[edit] External links
| Preceded by Theodore Sedgwick |
Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives December 7, 1801–March 4, 1803; October 17, 1803–March 4, 1805; December 2, 1805–March 4, 1807 |
Succeeded by Joseph B. Varnum |
| Preceded by Francis Locke |
United States Senator (Class 1) from North Carolina 1815–1828 Served alongside: James Turner, Montfort Stokes, John Branch |
Succeeded by James Iredell, Jr. |
| Preceded by John Gaillard |
President pro tempore of the United States Senate May 20, 1826–December 2, 1827 |
Succeeded by Samuel Smith |
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