Nagpur

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  ?Nagpur नागपुर
Maharashtra • India
Nickname: Orange city
Zero Mile stone located in Nagpur.
Zero Mile stone located in Nagpur.
Coordinates: 21°05′N 79°02′E / 21.08, 79.03
Time zone IST (UTC+5:30)
Area
• Elevation		 218 km² (84 sq mi)
• 310 m (1,017 ft)
Region Vidarbha
District(s) Nagpur
Population
• Density		 2,420,000[1] (2006)
• 11,101 /km² (28,751 /sq mi)
Language(s) Marathi, Hindi, English
Mayor Mrs. Mayatai Iwanate
Municipal Commissioner Mr. Sanjay Sethi
Founded Early 18th century [2]
Codes
• Pincode
• Telephone
• Vehicle
• 4400xx
• +91-712
• MH-31,MH-40
Website: www.nagpur.nic.in
Seal of Nagpur नागपुर
Seal of Nagpur नागपुर

Coordinates: 21°05′N 79°02′E / 21.08, 79.03 Nāgpur pronunciation (help·info) (Hindi/Marathi: नागपुर) is the largest city in central India (2001 Census) and the second capital of the state of Maharashtra[3]. It is headquarter of Nagpur district and Nagpur division. Nagpur UA population 2,420,000; is 13th largest urban conglomeration in India[4] and 114th largest city [1] in world. It ranks as 143rd largest urban area in world in terms of population.[5] It is the seat of annual winter session of Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha. The city is the commercial and political center of the state's eastern Vidarbha region. Nagpur lies in central India with Zero mile marker located here.[6] City was founded by Gond people but later became part of Maratha Empire under Bhonsle. British East India Company took over the city in 19th century and made it the capital of Central Provinces and Berar. After first state reorganization, it lost the capital status but was made second capital of Maharashtra. Nagpur is an important location for Dalit Buddhist movement and Hindu nationalist organizations like RSS and VHP. Nagpur is strategically important as it is situated at the cross-roads of India's North-South and East-West routes by road, rail and air.

Contents

[edit] Etymology

The Nag River, which is a tributary of the Kanhan River, flows in a serpentine path and so got its name, "Nag", the Marathi word for cobra. The river flows through the old city of Nagpur and so the city derived its name from this river, 'Nag'+'pur'. "Pur" is common suffix given to cities, villages and towns across India, and is often simply translated "city".[7] The seal of Nagpur Municipal Corporation depicts a cobra in the water of a river. Nagpur is famous for growing oranges from which it derives it's nickname Orange city.[8]

[edit] Climate

Nagpur has a mean altitude of 310 meters above sea level.[9] Climate is dry or mildly humid as Nagpur is located at centre of Indian peninsula far from Bay of Bengal and Arabian sea. Nagpur city receives an annual rainfall of 1,205 mm (47.44 in) from monsoon rains during June to September.[10] The highest recorded rainfall was 304 mm on July 14, 1994.[11] Summers are extremely hot lasting from March to June, with maximum temperatures in May. Winter lasts from November to January with temperatures dropping below 10°C (50°F).[9] The highest recorded temperature in the city was 48.6 °C (119.5 °F) on 1954-05-26[12], while the lowest was 3 °C.

Nagpur's climate chart
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Average
Avg high (°C) 27 30 35 40 41 36 30 29 31 31 29 26 32
Avg temp (°C) 21 23 28 32 35 31 27 27 27 26 23 20 27
Avg low (°C) 14 16 21 26 28 26 24 23 23 21 16 13 21
Avg rainfall (cm) 1 1 1 1 1 20 34 27 19 5 1 1 117
Source: Weatherbase [12]

[edit] History

Human existence around present day Nagpur city can be traced back 3000 years to 8th century BC. Menhir burial sites at Drugdhamna(near Mhada colony) indicate megalithic culture existed around Nagpur and is still followed in present times[13]. The first reference to the name Nagpur is found in a 10th century copper-plate inscription discovered at Devali in the neighbouring Wardha district. The inscription is a record of grant of a village situated in the visaya (district) of Nagpura-Nandivardhana during time of Rastrakuta king Krsna III in the Saka year 862 (940 CE). [14][15] Inscription found at Ramtek show that during the 12th century AD Nagpur and its surrounding regions formed the part of the thickly wooded country called Jhadimandala under Yadavas of Devagiri.[16] However, tradition ascribes the founding of Nagpur to Bakht Buland, a prince of the Gond kingdom of Deogarh in the Chhindwara district. In 1743, the Maratha leader Raghoji Bhonsle of Vidarbha established himself at Nagpur, after conquering the territories of Deogarh, Chanda and Chhattisgarh by 1751. After Raghoji's death in 1755, his son and successor Janoji was forced to acknowledge the effective supremacy of the Maratha Peshwa of Pune in 1769. Regardless, the Nagpur state continued to grow. Janoji's successor Mudhoji I (d. 1788) came to power in 1785 and bought Mandla and the upper Narmada valley from the Peshwa between 1796 and 1798, after which Raghoji II (d. 1816) acquired Hoshangabad, the larger part of Saugor and Damoh. Under Raghoji II, Nagpur covered what is now the east of Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Orissa, and parts of Madhya Pradesh and Jharkhand.

In 1803 Raghoji II joined the Peshwas against the British in the Second Anglo-Maratha War. The British prevailed, and Raghoji was forced to cede Cuttack, Sambalpur, and part of Berar. After Raghoji II's death in 1816, his son Parsaji was deposed and murdered by Mudhoji II. Despite the fact that he had entered into a treaty with the British in the same year, Mudhoji joined the Peshwa in the Third Anglo-Maratha War in 1817 against the British, but was forced to cede the rest of Berar to the Nizam of Hyderabad, and parts of Saugor and Damoh, Mandla, Betul, Seoni and the Narmada valley to the British after suffering a defeat at Sitabuldi in modern-day Nagpur city. The Sitabuldi fort was the site of a fierce battle between the British and the Bhonsle of Nagpur in 1817. The battle was a turning point as it laid the foundations of the downfall of the Bhonsles and paved the way for the British acquisition of Nagpur city.[17]Mudhoji was deposed after a temporary restoration to the throne, after which the British placed Raghoji III the grandchild of Raghoji II, on the throne. During the rule of Raghoji III (which lasted till 1840), the region was administered by a British resident. In 1853, the British took control of Nagpur after Raghoji III died without leaving a heir.

Central Provinces and Berar, 1903. Princely states are shown in yellow.
Central Provinces and Berar, 1903. Princely states are shown in yellow.

From 1853 to 1861, the Nagpur Province (which consisted of the present Nagpur region, Chhindwara, and Chhatisgarh) became part of the Central Provinces and Berar and came under the administration of a commissioner under the British central government, with Nagpur as its capital. Berar was added in 1903. Tata group started the country's first textile mill at Nagpur[18], formally known as Central India Spinning and Weaving Company Ltd. The company was popularly known as "Empress Mills" as it was inaugurated on 1 January 1877, the day queen Victoria was proclaimed Empress of India. Political activity in Nagpur during India's freedom struggle included hosting of two annual sessions of the Indian National Congress. Non-cooperation movement was launched in the Nagpur session of 1920. In 1925,K. B. Hedgewar founded RSS, a Hindu nationalist organization in Nagpur with an idea of creating a Hindu nation.

After Indian Independence in 1947, Central Provinces and Berar became a province of India, and in 1950 became the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh, again with Nagpur as its capital. However when the Indian states were reorganized along linguistic lines in 1956, the Nagpur region and Berar were transferred to Bombay state, which in 1960 was split between the states of Maharashtra and Gujarat. At a formal public ceremony on October 14, 1956 in Nagpur B. R. Ambedkar along with his supporters converted to Buddhism starting Dalit Buddhist movement which is still active. In 1994, city witnessed its most violent day in modern times due to Gowari stampede deaths.
Also see: Nagpur state

[edit] Geography

Map of Nagpur district with major towns and rivers.
Map of Nagpur district with major towns and rivers.

Nagpur city lies on the Deccan plateau of Indian Peninsula. The underlying rock strata is covered with alluvial deposits resulting from the flood plain of the Kanhan River. In some places these give rise to granular sandy soil. However, in low lying areas which are poorly drained, the soil is alluvial clay with poor permeability characteristics. In eastern part of city crystalline metamorphic rocks such as gneiss, schist and granites are found. In the Northern part of the city, yellowish sand stones and clays of the lower Gondwana formations are found. [19]

Nagpur city is dotted with many natural and man made lakes with Ambazari lake being the largest of all. Other natural lakes include Futala lake, Gorewada Lake and Telangkhedi lake. Sonegaon lake along with Gandhisagar lake are man-made lakes creted by cities historical rulers. Nag river, Pilli nadi along with various nallas form the natural drainage pattern for city. [20] [21]

[edit] Civic administration

Vidhan Bhavan
Vidhan Bhavan

Nagpur is administered by Nagpur Municipal Corporation(NMC) along with Nagpur Improvement trust(NIT). The city is divided in 10 zones and which are in turn divided into wards[22]. Each ward is represented by a corporator. NMC comprises 136 corporators majority of whom are elected in local elections. NMC and NIT together are in charge of the civic and infrastructure needs along with development of new areas.

Winter Session of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly assembles in Vidhan Bhavan during the month of December.[23] In addition, a bench of the Bombay High Court is located in the city.[24]. Nagpur is an important city for the scientific community as it is headquarters of number of national level scientific and governmental establishments like NEERI, Central Institute of Cotton Research (CICR), National Research Centre for Citrus, National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, the Jawaharlal Nehru National Aluminium Research and Development Centre, Indian Bureau of Mines, India's Intellectual Property Training Institute, the National Academy of Direct Taxes, the Chief Controller of Explosives of the Petroleum and Explosives Safety Organisation, and regional office of the Indian Meteorological Department.

The Nagpur Police is headed by Police Commissioner, who is an IPS officer. The Nagpur Police comes under the state Home Ministry. The city is divided into three police zones[25] each headed by a Deputy Commissioner of Police(DCP). Also there are separate DCPs each for traffic and cyber crime[26]. The Nagpur Fire Brigade department is headed by the Chief Fire Officer, who is assisted by Deputy Chief Fire Officers. Nagpur also has National fire service college[27].

Nagpur is also an important city for the Indian armed forces. It is headquarter of Maintenance command of Indian Air Force. Indian Army's Ordinance factory and staff college are located on west side of city. Nagpur's suburb Kamptee has cantonment of Regimental center of Indian Army's Brigade made up of National Cadet Corps' Officers' Training School, Institute of Military Law and other establishments. Nagpur's National Civil defense College provides civil defense and disaster management training to pupils from all over India and abroad. Indian Air Force's giant IL-76 transport planes nicknamed "Gajraj" are based in Nagpur[28].

[edit] Demographics

Marathi, official language of Maharashtra is most widely-spoken language in Nagpur. Varhadi dialect of Marathi is spoken in and around Nagpur city. Hindi is also spoken. In 2001, the urban population was 2,129,500, and there were around 410,000 households in the city. 7,26,664 people lived in slums making Nagpur second most slum populated city in Maharashtra after Mumbai[29]. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for around 25% of the population. The sex ratio was 936 females per 1000 males. Around 99.4% of the population was engaged in non-agricultural activities, attesting to the overwhelmingly urban character of Nagpur city.[30] The city's main jail is the Nagpur Central Jail. The number of migrants to Nagpur from outside Maharashtra during the 1991-2001 decade was 2.1 lakh making Nagpur 4th most favored destination in state.[31]

[edit] People and Culture

Deekshabhoomi is major center of Dalit Buddhist movement
Deekshabhoomi is major center of Dalit Buddhist movement

The food culture in Vidarbha is quite distinct from rest of Maharashtra. Nagpur is famous for it Saoji restaurants. Saoji food is very spicy but not harmful to the body, as the process of cooking has been modified to overcome any health problems[32].

Prominent cultural and literary societies in Nagpur include Vidarbha Sahitya Sangh(for development of Marathi), Vidarbha Rashtrabhasha Prachar Samiti (promotion and spreading Hindi) and Vidarbha Hindi Sahitya Sammelan (for promoting Hindi). The Nagpur central museum (estb 1863) maintains collections are mainly for Vidarbha region. [33] The South Central Cultural Centre also actively sponsors various other cultural events in Nagpur city, such as the Orange City Craft Mela and Folk Dance Festival, which is noted for its numerous folk-dances. [34] City was judged as the cleanest and second greenest in India after Bangalore.[35] The Vidarbha Cricket Association Ground (VCA) in Nagpur is one of the nine test venues in the country. A new stadium of VCA is coming up on Wardha road which boasts a seating capacity of 80,000 people.[36][37]. INOX Nagpur (area:45,000 square feet) is the first multiplex in city. The present day Maharajbagh zoo was originally a garden developed by the Bhonsle rulers.[38]. Government of Maharashtra has approved a new safari park of international standards besides Gorewada Lake.

The VCA Stadium in Nagpur
The VCA Stadium in Nagpur

Nagpur is known for staying calm during communal conflicts in India.[39] Deekshabhoomi, the largest hollow stupa, is located in Nagpur. It is an important place of dalit buddhist movement[40]. Sri Poddareshwar Ram Mandir and Shri Mahalaxmi Devi temple of Koradi are important Hindu temples[41]. Several important religious events are observed in the city throughout the year. Ram Navami is celebrated in Nagpur with shobha yatra which a massive procession of floats depicting various events from the Ramayana[42]. Like the rest of India, Nagpurkars celebrate major Hindu festivals like Diwali, Holi and Dussera with fervour and enthusiasm. Celebrations lasting for several days are held on Ganesh Chaturthi and Durga Puja festivals in virtually every small locality in the city. Processions are also held on important festivals of other religions such as Eid e Milad, Guru Nanak Jayanti, Mahavir Jayanti and Moharram.

Nagpur also plays host to a variety of cultural events throughout the year. A week long Kalidas Festival organized by Maharashtra government. South Central Zone Cultural Centre acts as a venue for a series of music and dance performances by such artistes of national repute as Ustad Amjad Ali Khan and Pandit Vishwa Mohan Bhatt.[43]

[edit] Economy

The Butibori Industrial Estate
The Butibori Industrial Estate

Nagpur has been the center of commerce in the Vidarbha region since early days and is an important trading location. Nagpur's economy is now recovering from past slowdown[44] and city has attracted Rupees 5,000 crore in investment in 2004.[45]. During the slowdown, state and central government offices were a major source of employment in the city. Nagpur regional office of Reserve Bank of India was opened on September 10, 1956[46]. The Butibori industrial area is the largest in all of Asia in terms of area.[47] The estate's largest unit is of Indo Rama Synthetics, which manufactures synthetic polyester yarn. Other units in Butibori include the power transmission company KEC, Hyundai Unitech, ACC Nihon Castings Ltd.[48]. Koradi & Khaparkheda are 2 thermal power stations located near Nagpur and operated by MSPGCL.

An Orange farm on the outskirts of Nagpur city
An Orange farm on the outskirts of Nagpur city

The Hingna industrial estate located on the western fringes of the city is made up of around 900 small and medium industrial units. The major ones among them are tractor manufacturing plant of Mahindra and Mahindra, casting units of NECO Ltd. (the country's largest casting group),[49] units of International Combustions, Bajaj Auto group, Candico (the SECOND largest confectionery manufacturing plant in India [50]), Ajanta toothbrushes and Sanvijay Group (largest steel rolling group of companies for long products in Central India)[51]. Nagpur is home to ice-cream manufacturer Dinshaws, Indian dry food manufacturer Haldiram's and Ayurvedic product company Vicco.[52]

Currently, Nagpur is witnessing an economic boom as "Multi-modal International Cargo Hub and Airport at Nagpur(MIHAN)" is being developed. MIHAN will be used for handling heavy cargo coming from south east Asia and Middle east Asia. Project will also include Rupees 10,000 crore Special Economic Zone (SEZ)[53] for Information Technology (IT) companies.

[edit] Education

A view of one of the colleges in Nagpur
A view of one of the colleges in Nagpur

Nagpur is a major education centre in Central India[54]. Nagpur has both "municipal schools"; (run by the NMC) and private schools (run by trusts or individuals), which in some cases receive financial aid from the government. City has 10+2+3/4 plan which is followed by Junior college and later degree course. Founded in 1923, Nagpur University[55] is one of the oldest in the country[56] and has geographical jurisdiction over the five districts of Nagpur division in addition to giving affiliation to hundreds of colleges. Nagpur has three medical colleges and Maharashtra Animal and Sciences University(MAFSU) for animal sciences[57] Nagpur has several engineering colleges which provide education in various specialty courses. Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology (VNIT) which is now a deemed university. Nagpur has India's only National Fire Service College that providing graduation course in Fire Engineering[58] and Laxminarayan Institute of Technology (LIT) which one of few colleges for chemical engineering. Institute of Management Technology also has college in Nagpur.[59] College of Agriculture in Nagpur provides impetus in agricultural research. City's Raman Science Centre promotes scientific attitude and has 133 seat planetarium[60].

Bhosle Dumb and Deaf School, Bharat Muk Vidyalaya and Residential Blind Boys Institution provide education to physically challenged. Matru Sewa Sangh's Nandanwan school is for physically handicapped and mentally retarded children.

Also see: List of educational institutions in Nagpur

[edit] Transport

Main article: Transport in Nagpur
Bengal Nagpur Railway is one of India's oldest railway network
Bengal Nagpur Railway is one of India's oldest railway network

Due to its central location in India, the Nagpur Railway Station is an important railway junction and a transit for trains that connect the country lengthwise and breadthwise, especially trains connecting India's four major metropolises (Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai, and Kolkota) located in the four corners of the country.[61]

Nagpur is also a major junction for roadways as India's two major national highways (Kanyakumari-Varanasi (NH 7) and Hajira-Kolkata (NH-6)) pass through the city.[61] One more highway number 69 connect Nagpur to Obaidullaganj near Bhopal. Nagpur is at the junction of two Asian Highways namely AH43 Agra to Matara, Sri Lanka and AH46 connecting Kharagpur, India to Dhule, India. Auto rickshaws operate in most parts of Nagpur and are the main form of hired transport within the city.

Nagpur's Air Traffic Control (ATC) is the busiest in India,[61] with more than 300 international flights flying over the city every day in 2004.[62] In October 2005, Nagpur's erstwhile Sonegaon Airport was declared an international airport and was renamed Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar International Airport.[63] Country's first ever rnational cargo hub, the Multi-modal International Cargo Hub and Airport at Nagpur (MIHAN) is planned on the outskirts of the city.[64]

[edit] See also

[edit] References

[edit] Web References

  1. ^ a b "The world's largest cities". City Mayors. Retrieved on 2006-06-26.
  2. ^ [1]
  3. ^ "Analysis: India terror attack aimed at sowing anarchy". World Peace Herald. Retrieved on 2006-06.
  4. ^ "Some 108 million people live in India's largest cities". City Mayors. Retrieved on 2006-06.
  5. ^ "The world’s largest cities and urban areas in 2006". City Mayors. Retrieved on 2006-06-26.
  6. ^ Nagpur. Maharashtra Government. Retrieved on 2006-06.
  7. ^ Nag River. (English). GAZETTEER DEPARTMENT OF GOVERNMENT OF MAHARASHTRA. Retrieved on 2008-05-20.
  8. ^ "Stamps from the Orange City". The Hindu. Retrieved on 2006-06-19.
  9. ^ a b Climatic Parameters of Nagpur. India Meteorological Department Regional Meteorological Centre, Nagpur. Retrieved on 2006-07-04.
  10. ^ Geographical Information (on Nagpur city). National Informatics Centre, Nagpur. Retrieved on 2006-06-30.
  11. ^ "Flooding, power cuts after Nagpur rains". www.dnaindia.com. Retrieved on 2006-07-18.
  12. ^ [2]
  13. ^ 3000-year-old burial site unearthed. timesofindia.com. Retrieved on 2008-03.
  14. ^ History of Nagpur District: Ancient Period. Maharashtra State Government Directorate of Government Printing, Stationery and Publications. Retrieved on 2006-07-28.
  15. ^ Nandivardhana, which was well-known as an ancient capital of the Vakatakas, is now represented by the village Nandardhan, about three miles (5 km) from the temple town of Ramtek.
  16. ^ [http://www.nagpuronline.com/history>
  17. ^ "The Battle of Sitabuldi". Nagpurcity.net. Retrieved on 2006-06.
  18. ^ "Are Indians Really Dumb?". Rediff.com. Retrieved on 2006-06.
  19. ^ [3]
  20. ^ [4]
  21. ^ [5]
  22. ^ [6]
  23. ^ "Vidarbha — a model farmers' State?". The Hindu Business Line. Retrieved on 2006-06-22.
  24. ^ Bombay High Court- Nagpur Bench. National Informatics Centre. Retrieved on 2006-06-26.
  25. ^ [7]
  26. ^ [8]
  27. ^ [9]
  28. ^ "Orange booms: Big dreams come true in small town". Daily News and Analysis India. Retrieved on 2006-08-17.
  29. ^ UA demographics (English). Census of India 292. www.planningcommission.nic.in. Retrieved on 2008-06-07.
  30. ^ Area Profile: Nagpur (urban). National Informatics Centre, Nagpur. Retrieved on 2006-06-28.
  31. ^ HIGHLIGHTS OF ECONOMIC SURVEY OF MAHARASHTRA 2005-06. DIRECTORATE OF ECONOMICS & STATISTICS, PLANNING DEPARTMENT, GOVERNMENT OF MAHARASHTRA, MUMBAI. Retrieved on 2008-02-13.
  32. ^ [10]
  33. ^ Nagpur District Gazetteer
  34. ^ Major Programs during the year. The South Central Cultural Zone. Retrieved on 2006-06.
  35. ^ Nagpur. Maharashtra Airport Development Company Ltd.. Retrieved on 2006-06-26.
  36. ^ Vidarbha Cricket Association Ground in Nagpur. Cricinfo.com. Retrieved on 2006-06-21.
  37. ^ One day Internationals, Vidarbha Cricket Ground. National Rugby League of Australia. Retrieved on 2006-06-22.
  38. ^ Maharaj Baug and Zoo. India9.com. Retrieved on 2006-06.
  39. ^ "Celebrating a unique city". The Tribune. Retrieved on 2006-06.
  40. ^ "Celebrating a unique city". The Tribune. Retrieved on 2006-06.
  41. ^ Maharashtra Tourism mention about Koradi. Maharashtra Tourism. Retrieved on 2006-08-10.
  42. ^ About Shobha Yatra. Sri Poddareshwar Ram Mandir Website. Retrieved on 2006-06.
  43. ^ The Kalidas Festival. Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation. Retrieved on 2006-06.
  44. ^ [11]
  45. ^ "Bangalore top investment destination". Rediff.com. Retrieved on 2006-07-04.
  46. ^ Reserve Bank of India
  47. ^ "Industrial fuel petrol from plastic waste: A success story". The Daily Excelsior. Retrieved on 2006-06.
  48. ^ MIDC page on Butibori Industrial Area. Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation (MIDC). Retrieved on 2006-06.
  49. ^ Corporate Overview of Neco. Neco Group of Industries. Retrieved on 2006-06-26.
  50. ^ Candico plant in Nagpur. Candico Ltd.. Retrieved on 2006-07-04.
  51. ^ Sanvijay Group website homepage. Sanvijay Group Ltd.. Retrieved on 2006-06-28.
  52. ^ Welcome to Orange City. National Informatics Centre, Nagpur. Retrieved on 2006-06-26.
  53. ^ "Nagpur stakes claim to lead boomtown pack". The Indian Express. Retrieved on 2006-06.
  54. ^ "For some, small is beautiful". Bussinessworld Magazine. Retrieved on 2006-08-12.
  55. ^ History of Nagpur university. Nagpur University. Retrieved on 2006-06.
  56. ^ Nagpur University. Rajiv Gandhi College of Engineering, Research, and Technology website. Retrieved on 2006-08-12.
  57. ^ Template:Cite web url:http://www.mafsu.in/index.html
  58. ^ Introduction: National Fire Service College, Nagpur. National Fire Service College, Nagpur. Retrieved on 2006-06-28.
  59. ^ About IMT. Indian Institute of Management Technology. Retrieved on 2006-06-28.
  60. ^ planetarium (English). ncsm.gov.in. Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
  61. ^ a b c Deshpande, Vivek. "Nagpur stakes claim to lead boomtown pack", The Indian Express, May 4, 2006. Retrieved on 2006-06-22. 
  62. ^ "Nagpur: South Asia’s emergent hub". The India Brand Equity Foundation. Retrieved on 2006-07-04.
  63. ^ "Nagpur Airport being renamed", The Hindu, =October 15, 2005. Retrieved on 2006-06-28. 
  64. ^ "Nagpur to be India's first cargo hub", The Times of India, 11 April 2006. Retrieved on 2008-05-09. 

[edit] References in Print

  1. ^  Nagpur sizzles at 47.6 deg C, TNN, Times of India (Bombay), pg 1, 2005-05-23

[edit] External links


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