Nagaoka, Niigata

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**Nagaoka**
**長岡市**
Nagaoka's location in Niigata, Japan.
Location
Country	Japan
Region	Chūbu
Prefecture	Niigata
Physical characteristics
Area	840.88 km² (324.67 sq mi)
Population (as of July 1, 2006)
Total	282,829
Density	336.35 /km² (871 /sq mi)
Location	37°26′N, 138°50′E
Symbols
Tree	Zelkova
Flower	Azalea
Municipal Emblem
Nagaoka Government Office

Nagaoka (長岡市, Nagaoka-shi^?) is a city located in the central part of Niigata Prefecture, Japan. It is the second largest city in the prefecture, behind the capital city of Niigata. Nagaoka is located at longitude 138° E and latitude 37° N.

The size of Nagaoka increased on April 1, 2005, when the town of Oguni, the village of Yamakoshi, the town of Nakanoshima, the town of Koshiji, and the town of Mishima in were absorbed into the city of Nagaoka. As of June 1, 2005, the city has an estimated population of 237,115 and a density of 450.88 persons per km². The total area is 525.89 km².

It once again increased on January 1, 2006, when the city of Tochio, the towns of Yoita and Teradomari, and the village of Washima in were absorbed into the city of Nagaoka. As of July 1, 2006, the city has an estimated population of 282,829 and a density of 336.35 persons per km². The total area is 840.88km².

1 Geography
- 1.1 Adjoining communities
- 1.2 Data of the former city of Nagaoka
2 History
- 2.1 Municipal timeline
3 Economy
- 3.1 Industry
4 Sister cities
5 Transportation
6 Places of interest
7 Higher Education Institutions
8 Festivals
9 Famous people from Nagaoka
10 External links

[edit] Geography

Nagaoka is located in the center of Niigata prefecture and the surrounding Chūetsu region. It is 80 minutes from Tokyo by way of the Joetsu Shinkansen or 3 hours on the Kan-Etsu Expressway. Nagaoka was an inland city until January 1, 2006 when the city merged with four municipalities-two were touching the Sea of Japan. The current Nagaoka now touches the Sea of Japan on the north and after the merger, it is still considered a strategic traffic point in the region. The Shinano River flows through it from south to north and industrial development occurs on both banks of the river. The Higashiyama mountain range lies to the east.

[edit] Adjoining communities

From the north, following Nagaoka's border counterclockwise:

However, Sado Island is connected by sea and air routes.

[edit] Data of the former city of Nagaoka

former city of Nagaoka (旧・長岡市)
Merger date	April 1, 2005 January 1, 2006
Reason	Merger by absorption (編入合併)
Following Municipalities were involved (2005)	Nagaoka (-March 2005), Nakanoshima, Koshiji, Mishima, Yamakoshi、Oguni →Nagaoka (April-December 2005)
Following municipalities were involved (2006)	Nagaoka (April-December 2005), Tochio, Teradomari, Yoita, Washima→Nagaoka(2006-Present)
Current municipality	Nagaoka (2006-Present)
Data during the mergers
Total Area	262.45km²
Total Population	192,292人（February 1, 2005）
Surrounding municipalities
Tree
Flower

The data of before the pre-massive merger city of Nagaoka is listed on the right. Nagaoka was an inland city, but after the double decker mergers held in 2005 and 2006, the city of Nagaoka is now connected to the Sea of Japan.

The former Nagaoka City Hall is still used as their city hall after the 2006 mergers.

[edit] History

The Tokugawa shogunate appointed Naoyori Hori lord of Nagaoka-han in 1616. Hori established the castle town of Nagaoka and built a castle in the Zaôdô area on the Shinano River. However, this area was prone to flooding and a new castle was built at the site of present-day Nagaoka Station by 1617.

Nagaoka flourished as a castle town under the reign of the 13 generations of the Makino clan of the Edo period. In the Boshin War of 1868 during the Meiji Restoration, clan military general Tsuginosuke Kawai lead the forces of Nagaoka against the Meiji Government. Nagaoka was defeated and the city was reduced to rubble. A gift of one hundred sacks of rice from a neighboring province was sold to finance a new school during the reconstruction of Nagaoka, from which the anecdote of Kome Hyappyo was born.

The town of Nagaoka and surrounding clan holdings became part of Kashiwazaki Prefecture (now Niigata Prefecture) at the beginning of the Meiji period. The modern municipality of Nagaoka was established on April 1, 1906.

[edit] Municipal timeline

1906
- April 1 - The municipality of Nagaoka is established.
1945
- August 1 - Nagaoka is reduced to rubble by 125 B-29 bombers in a late-evening air raid. 1,470 lives are lost.
1963
- January - A record-breaking heavy snowfall hits Nagaoka.
1982
- November 15 - Joetsu Shinkansen service arrives at Nagaoka Station.
2004
- July 12 & July 13 - A heavy downpour causes extensive flooding in Nagaoka.
- October 23 - The Chūetsu Earthquake strikes, causing extensive damage in Nagaoka and surrounding areas.
2005
- February - Nagaoka experiences the heaviest snowfall in 19 years.
- April 1 - Oguni, Yamakoshi, Nakanoshima, Koshiji, and Mishima are absorbed into Nagaoka. Prior to the merger, the size of Nagaoka was 262.45 km² and the population was 192,292.
2006
- January 1 - Washima, Yoita, Teradomari, and Tochio are officially absorbed into Nagaoka.

[edit] Economy

[edit] Industry

The manufacturing industry prospered in Nagaoka following the war, due in part to favorable location and good transportation infrastructure. Current industrial production includes precision instruments and the machine tools.

Nippon Seiki, a manufacturer of automotive instruments, is headquartered in Nagaoka.
Densei-Lambda, a manufacturer of switched-mode power supplies, has a plant in Nagaoka.

[edit] Sister cities

Fort Worth, Texas, United States (November 9, 1987)
Trier, Germany (April 1, 2006)
Romainmôtier-Envy, Switzerland (April 1, 2006)

[edit] Transportation

Privately-owned cars are the primary means of civic transportation. The city has a wide network of bus routes, with Nagaoka Station as the hub. Most of the roadways are improved and the pavement is top class in the nation. Nagaoka's location in the center of the prefecture makes it an important transportation junction, with rail lines and roadways from the east splitting in Nagaoka to go to Niigata and Joetsu.

Nagaoka Station

[edit] Railroad

East Japan Railway Company serves the city of Nagaoka with the Joetsu Shinkansen as well as two traditional rail lines, the Joetsu Line and the Shinetsu Main Line. Nagaoka Station is the primary railroad station in Nagaoka, and there are also several smaller stations.

A private railway managed by Echigo Kotsu once served Nagaoka with two rail lines, but they have since been abandoned.

A monorail system was proposed for Nagaoka, but it was not implemented.

[edit] Bus

Local bus service in Nagaoka is managed by Echigo Kotsu. The bus terminal located at the east entrance of Nagaoka Station serves as the hub for the route network. Service extends to all parts of the city as well as many outlying suburban areas and villages.

A high-speed bus service connecting Nagaoka Station to Niigata, Niigata Station runs at intervals of approximately 30 minutes. Additionally, highway bus service is available to all major cities in the prefecture as well as Tokyo.

[edit] Roadways

The Hokuriku National Expressway and the Kanetsu National Expressway pass through Nagaoka, as well as several smaller national highways.

A new regional highway called the Nagaoka East-and-West Road is currently being constructed. It will eventually include the longest bridge over the Shinano River.