MW 50
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MW 50 was a 50-50 mixture of methanol and water (hence the name) that was sprayed into the supercharger of German aircraft engines primarily for its anti-detonant effect, allowing the use of increased boost pressures. Secondary effects were cooling of the engine and charge cooling. Higher boost was only effective at altitudes below the full throttle height, where the supercharger could still provide additional boost pressure that was otherwise wasted, while the smaller secondary effects were useful even above that altitude.
MW 50 is something of a misnomer, as it is actually a mixture of three fluids; 50% methanol acting primarily to achieve optimum anti-detonant effect, secondarily as an anti-freeze, 49.5% water, and 0.5% Schutzöl 39, an oil-based anti-corrosion additive. The similar MW 30 increased the water to 69.5 and decreased methanol to 30%. This increased the cooling performance but made it easier to freeze, intended to be used for lower-altitude missions.
The effect of MW 50 injection could be dramatic. Simply turning on the system allowed the engine to pull in more air due to the charge cooling effect, boosting performance by about 100 hp on the BMW 801. However the MW 50 also allowed the supercharger to be run at much higher boost levels as well, for a combined increase of 500 hp. At sea level this allowed the 1,600 hp engine to run at over 2,000 hp. MW 50 was fully effective up to about 6,000 m, above which it added only about 4% extra power, due largely to charge cooling.
Aircraft generally carried enough MW 50 for about 10 minutes of use, allowing them to increase their climb rate for interception missions. Fittings for MW 50 first appeared on the BMW 801D in 1942, but it never went into production for this engine because the cylinder heads developed micro-cracks when MW 50 was used. Instead, the DB 605-engined Messerschmitt Bf 109 was fitted with an MW 50 injection system. Later engines designs all included the fittings as well, notably the Junkers Jumo 213, which relied on it in order to reduce non-boosted performance and tune the supercharger for higher altitudes.
MW 50 was not the only charge cooling system to be used by the Germans. Some engines dedicated to high altitude included an intercooler instead, as they would be needing the cooling for longer periods of time. The 801D also included the ability to spray gasoline into the supercharger, in place of the MW 50 (the “Erhöhte Notleistung” system), and while this was not as effective it did increase boost without the complexity of the additional tanking and plumbing. Additionally many of the late-war engines also included a system for high-altitude boost, GM 1, which was intended to add oxygen instead of improve boost levels.
