Municipal council

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A municipal council is the local government of a municipality. Specifically the term can refer to the institutions of various countries that can be translated by this term. In English it can refer to what are also called city councils and town councils.

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[edit] France

Despite enormous differences in population, each of the communes of the French Republic possesses a mayor (French: maire) and a municipal council (French: conseil municipal) which manage the commune from the mairie (city hall), with exactly the same powers no matter the size of the commune annd council. The one exception is the city of Paris, where the city police is in the hands of the central state, not in the hands of the mayor of Paris. This uniformity of status is a clear legacy of the French Revolution, which wanted to do away with the local idiosyncrasies and tremendous differences of status that existed in the kingdom of France.

The size of a commune still matters, however, in two domains: French law determines the size of the municipal council according to the population of the commune; and the size of the population determines which voting process is used for the election of the municipal council.

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[edit] India

In India a municipal council, also called as Municipality is a local government body that administers a city of population 200,000 or less. Under the Panchayati Raj system, it interacts directly with the state government, though it is administratively part of the district it is located in. Generally smaller district cities and bigger tehsil towns have a municipal council.

The members of the municipal council are elected representatives for a term of five years. The town is divided into 'wards' according to its population and representatives are elected from each ward. The members elect a president among themselves to preside over and conduct meetings. A chief officer, along with officers like an engineer, sanitary inspector, health officer and education officer who come from the state public service are appointed by the state government to control the administrative affairs of the municipality.

The municipal council is responsible for water supply, hospitals, roads, street lighting, drainage, fire brigades, market places and records of births and deaths. Its sources of income are taxes on water, houses, markets, entertainment and vehicles paid by residents of the town and grants from the state government.

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[edit] Moldova

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The Municipal Council in Moldova is the governing body in five municipalities: Chişinău, Bălţi, Tiraspol and Bendery (also known as Tighina or Bender). The Municipal Council (Moldovan language: Consiliul municipal) serves as a consultative body with some powers of general policy determination. It is composed of a legally determined number of counsellors (for example 35 in Bălţi) elected every four years, representing political parties and independent counsellors. Once elected, counsellors may form fractions inside of the Municipal Council.

Last regional elections of local public administration held in Bălţi in June 2007, brought to the power the Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova (PCRM), which holds 21 mandates, 11 mandates are held by representatives of other parties, and 3 mandates by independents. There are two fractions in the Municipal Council: PCRM fraction (21 counsellors) and "Meleag" fraction (3 independent counsellors and 4 representatives of different parties).

The Mayor of the municipality is elected for four years. In Bălţi, Vasile Panciuc (PCRM) is the incumbent from 2001 and was re-elected twice: in 2003 during the anticipated elections (as a result of a new reform of the administrative division in Moldova in 2003), and in 2007. In Chişinău, the last mayor elections had to be repeated three times, because of the low rate of participation. As a result, Dorin Chirtoacă (Liberal Party), won the last mayor elections in Chişinău.

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