User:Mrabbits/Test

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Marcus Petreius (died 46 BC) was a Roman general and senator.

Goldsworthy 204, 482-3, 485, 487-8, 489, 490, 548, 558, 567, 586

p204. 59BC: Supports Cato when Caesar orders Cato's arrest in Senate. Walked out before session ended, saying would rather be in prison with Cato than in Senate with caesar. Had defeated Catiline in battle in 62BC. Had already done 30 yrs military service.

p482-3. 49BC: Was in command of 5 Pompeian legions in Spain with Lucius Afranius. Was more experienced of two, although as an ex-consul Africanus was senior. Unclear who took charge or whether they had joint authority. Afranius and Petreius concentrated forces near Ilerda (Lérida). Defeat of Catiline 63BC? Had been in effective control of this army. Had already served for 30 yrs at that time according to Sallust. Probably about 60 at time of Civil War. Experienced campaigner but had mainly acted as someone's subordinate. Possibly son of one of Marius' senior centurions.

p485. Camped at Ilerda.

p487-9. Attempt to escape to cross Ebro. Caesar heads off all attempts to escape.

p490. Two sides building lines of fortifications. Pompeians trying to secure a water supply, Caesar trying to hem them in and prevent this. Troops begin to fraternise. Afranius' will appears to have collapse but Petreius still determined. Led out his bodyguard of Spanish cavalry and light infantry to kill every Caesarean soldier mingling with their own troops. Caesar let all enemy troops in his camp leave or stay as they wished. Petreius begged soldiers to remain loyal, took oath never "to desert or betray the army and its officers, or to think of personal safety before the common good". Made Afranius take same oath, then senior and then junior officers, then the common soldiery. Pompeians make one last failed attempt to break out. Afranius sought peace terms from Caesar, who let all enemy generals go free, but disbanded their army.

Edmund Tudor (c. 1430–)

Lancaster and York

p81 Son (eldest?) of Katherine of Valois and Owen Tudor born around 1430 at Much Hadham Palace in Hertfordshire (brick-built 12C manor owned for 800yrs by bishops of London, still stands today) second son was jasper, born about 1431 at Bishop of Ely's manor at Hatfield Owen born 1432, baby was taken from Katherine at birth and reared by brethren of Westminster Abbey. Virgil says he became a Benedictine monk at Abbey, where was known at Edward Bridgewater. Died and buried there in 1502.

p88 After Katherine's death, 3 Jan 1437, Owen Tudor was arrested and imprisoned in Newgate. Children were given into care of Suffolk's sister, Katherine de la Pole, Abbess of Barking. Edmund and Jasper (and possibly a sister who later became a nun) went to live at Barking Abbey, Abbess paid £50 for their keep. Were provided food, clothing and lodging and were allowed servants to wait on them, as befitted half-brothers of the king.

p100 Sometime after March 1442, Henry VI arranged for Edmund and Jasper to be brought from Barking to live at court. "The King's obvious concern and affection communicated itself to Edmund and Jasper, and fostered fraternal bonds that would endure for life"

p169 23 November 1452, Heny raises Edmund (Earl of Richmond) and Jasper (Earl of Pembroke) to peerage. Titles had previously been borne by king's uncles Bedford and Gloucester. As such Tudor brothers were given precedence over all others below rank of Duke.

p170 5 Jan 1453, ceremony in Tower of London, Henry invested brothers in trappings of earldom, giving gowns of velvet and cloth-of-gold, furs, saddles and caparisons for horses. 20 Jan 1453, brothers summoned to parliament for the first time. Now given a voice in government and admitted to king's counsels. Edmund endowed with estates of the honour of richmond to support his new rank. When in London, allowed use of Baynard's Castle. Edmund prospered in earldom of Richmond due to exporting wool from Boston in Lincolnshire. In return, Tudors remained completely loyal to H., protecting his interests and serving on his Council. Also supported him against York. 6 March 1453, Commons petitioned King to recognise Tudors as his legitimate uterine brothers, and "ensure that they were not disabled in law in any way as a result of their father being Welsh". H. acceded to these requests.

p171 24 March 1453, Margaret Beaufort given into custody of Edmund and Jasper as their ward. H. probably already decided she should marry Edmund and bring him her rich inheritance.

p183 Tudors, concerned about extent of court party's influence over H. support York's candidature to be regent during King's illness.

[edit] References

Weir, Alison (1998). Lancaster and York: The Wars of the Roses. Pimlico. ISBN 0-7126-6674-5.