Mount Nyangani
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| Mount Nyangani | |
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 Mount Nyangani summit |
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| Elevation | 2,592 metres |
| Location | Zimbabwe |
| Prominence | 1,515 metres |
| Coordinates | |
| Easiest route | Hike |
Mount Nyangani (formerly Mount Inyangani) is the highest mountain in Zimbabwe at 2,592 m (8,504 ft). The mountain is located within Nyanga National Park in Nyanga District, is about 275 km (170 miles) south east of Harare. The mountain vegetation is largely composed of heath around the summit plateau with evergereen forest along the wetter eastern slopes and grassland to the western side. Annual rainfall totals are high (around 2200mm) but long spells of dry weather occur during the winter period of May to August. Due to its relatively low altitude and tropical location, snow falls at most once a century, last recorded in August 1935.[1]
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[edit] Geology
The mountain is composed of an upper sill of dolerite and sandstone, with the harder dolerite forming cliffs and ridges. The dolerite sill and the sediments underlying it are probably part of the Umkondo Group [2]. The Umkondo Group dolerite sill north of Nyangani, on the Kwaraguza Road, has been dated at 1099 Ma [3]
[edit] Access
Nyangani is unusual in that the summit lies atop a small outcrop of rock around 40m above the surrounding area. The remainder of the peak is a broad moor of mainly rolling hills and plateau with an area of about 8km2. The edges of this plateau then fall steeply to the east and west sides. The mountain can be accessed from four base points within Nyanga National Park:
(1) The official car park, at the base of the Tourist Route. This is reached from Circular Drive.
(2) The Mountain Club of Zimbabwe hut, located near the corner of the Kwaraguza and Gleneagles roads.
(3) Nyazengu Substation of Nyanga National Park.
(4) Gleneagles Substation of Nyanga National Park.
[edit] Mountain Hikes
The peak can be reached within 1-3 hours by anyone of average fitness. This ascent brings the hiker to an altitude of about 2200m and the remainder is mostly walking across the gentler gradients of the summit plateau. The hazards here are produced by bewilderingly fast weather changes that can switch from sunny skies to thick fog, and under these conditions several fatalities have occurred due to hikers losing their way and falling down ravines. There are three ascents that follow paths:
- The main access to the mountain is a Tourist Path from the west. This ascends along the edge of the upper Nyamuziwa river and crosses onto the main plateau north of the summit. From there it heads south across the plateau to the summit.
- A second path runs from the Mountain Club of Zimbabwe hut. This paths follows the east side of the northern ridge, before joining the Tourist Path on the main plateau .
- A third path runs from Nyazengu, southwest of the mountain on the old road to the Pungwe River causeway (Pungwe Drift). It branches from the Nyazengu Trail and ascends to the base of Tucker's Gap, which has a spectacular view of the montane rainforest to the southeast of the mountain (on the few days when the cloud does not cover the Gap). It is possible to ascend the north side of the gap (marked path) and then walk northwards across a boulder field to the main plateau, apporoaching the summit from the south. However, this lasted stretch has no path or markings.
The mountain can also be ascended using the following routes which do not have paths or markings:
- The north-eastern ridge, between the Nyama and Kairezi Rivers. This route starts from the Gleneages Road, between the Nyama and Kairezi causeways, and follows a ridge up to the main plateau, northeast of the summit and east of the Tourist Path.
- Via Little Nyangani. This route starts from Gleneagles Substation, and ascends the heavily vegetated slope of Little Nyangani mountain, which lies to the east of the main plateau. From Little Nyangani, one can descend west to a rainforest-covered saddle, then ascend west onto the main plateau via Kairezi Falls, reaching the main plateau east of the summit.
The above are all walks or scrambles, without rock climbing involved. However, caution is advised, especially on unmarked routes, as the weather may change very rapidly: descent of cloud can result in visibility of less than 50 m.
[edit] Rivers and Waterfalls
Three rivers have their sources on Mount Nyangani: the Nyamuziwa River, the Kairezi (Gairezi) River and the Pungwe River. The first two are tributaries of the Mazowe River, which is itself a tributary of the Zambezi River.
The Nyama River, a tributary of the Kayirezi, falls off the main plateau in a waterfall on the northeast of the mountain and the Kairezi Falls are located on the east edge of the main plateau.
[edit] Fauna
The fauna of the area is described under Nyanga National Park. Additional information:
- The Inyangani River Frog is an endangered amphibian named for the mountain.
[edit] Archaeology
Iron age ruins have been found on Little Nyangani and on a hill west of the summit, but not on the summit plateau itself.
[edit] References
- ^ GHCN Climate data, Temperature and Precipitation profiles, Inyanga and Inyanga Downs, 1902-1989
- ^ Love, D. 2002. The geology of Nyangani Mountain: a preliminary report. University of Zimbabwe Earth Science Research Seminar Series, February 2002. [1]
- ^ Wingate, MTD 2001. SHRIMP baddeleyite and zircon ages for an Umkondo dolerite sill, Nyanga Mountains, eastern Zimbabwe. South African Journal of Geology, 104, 13-22 [2]
- ^ Butler, JRA and Marshall, B. 1996. Resource Use Within the Crab-Eating Guild of the Upper Kairezi River, Zimbabwe. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 12, 475-490.[3]
