Mount Grace Priory

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House of Mount Grace of Ingelby

Monastery information
Order Carthusian
Established 1398
Disestablished 1539
Diocese York
People
Founder Thomas de Holand, Earl of Kent and Duke of Surrey
Dedicated to House of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin and of St Nicholas
Site
Location North Allerton, North Yorkshire, England
Grid Reference SE449985
Visible Remains church, cloister, inner court and earthworks
Public Access yes (English Heritage)
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Mount Grace Priory is today the best preserved and most accessible of the ten medieval Carthusian houses (charterhouses) in England. Founded in 1398 by Thomas Holland, duke of Surrey, the son of King Richard II's half-brother Thomas, earl of Kent, it was the last monastery established in Yorkshire, and one of the few founded anywhere in Britain in the period between the Black Death (1349/50) and the Reformation. Upon the abdication of King Richard, Surrey and others of the king's supporters attempted to assassinate his recently-crowned successor, Henry IV, at New Year's, 1400, but were captured and executed. Holland's body was eventually recovered and, in 1412, re-buried in the charterhouse that he had founded. The orphaned priory of Mount Grace, bereft of its founder and the income that had been granted to it by Holland and King Richard, depended upon royal largesse for its income for more than a decade.

Nicholas Love (monk), the rector of the foundering Carthusian foundation, succeeded in creating a link between Mount Grace and the Lancastrian administration, in part by submitting his "Mirror of the Blessed Life of Jesus Christ" to Thomas Arundel, archbishop of Canterbury, Henry IV's chancellor, in support of the archbishop's campaign against Wycliffism, and by granting Arundel confraternity in the spiritual benefits of Mount Grace in exchange for his provision of material benefits. From 1412 onward, Arundel and Thomas Beaufort, duke of Exeter, the king's uncle, provided material support for Mount Grace; in 1410 the house was formally incorporated into the order, and Love named as its first prior.

Mount Grace became an important locus for the production and preservation of contemplative and devotional texts: among writers professed as monks there were John Norton and Richard Methley (the latter known for his Latin translations of "The Cloud of Unknowing" and of the anonymous English translation of Marguerite Porete's "Mirror of Simple Souls"). The only surviving manuscript of "The Book of Margery Kempe" also belonged to Mount Grace Charterhouse. The priory was closed in 1539 during the dissolution of the monasteries by King Henry VIII.

Unlike monks of other orders, who live in common, the Carthusians -- to this day -- live as hermits, each occupying his own cell (more like a small house), and coming together only for the nocturnal liturgical hours, and on Sundays and feast-days, in the chapel; the other hours are sung by each monk separately in his cell. Except for the singing of the liturgy and conversation "on grave subjects" during a weekly three-hour exercise walk, Carthusians are silent, and their diet is strictly vegetarian.

The monks at Mount Grace were very conscious of hygiene and sanitation; included in the reconstructed cell is a reconstructed latrine and visitors are able to investigate the ditches used as sewage systems.

After the dissolution, the ruins of the guest-house of the priory were incorporated into two later houses: a seventeenth-century manor - a rare building of the Commonwealth period - and the larger house of the 1900-01, an important example of the Arts and Crafts movement. The property is now under the care of English Heritage.

Visitors today can see the layout of the whole monastery, including one reconstructed monk's cell, together with the typically small Carthusian chapel and the later house. There is also a museum on the site detailing the history of the priory.

English Heritage plan to open a holiday cottage on the site in 2007.


Reference:

Sargent, Michael G., ed. "Nicholas Love. The Mirror of the Blessed Life of Jesus Christ: A Full Critical Edition, based on Cambridge University Library MSS Additional 6578 and 6686, with Introduction, Notes and Glossary." Exeter, UK: University of Exeter Press, 2005. (ISBN 0 85989 740 0)

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