Mottainai

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Mottainai (もったいない, 勿体無い) is a Japanese term meaning "a sense of regret concerning waste when the intrinsic value of an object or resource is not properly utilized."[1] The expression "Mottainai!" can be uttered alone as an exclamation when something useful, such as food or time, is wasted. In addition to its primary sense of "wasteful," the word is also used to mean "impious; irreverent" or "more than one deserves."[2]

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[edit] History

In ancient Japanese, "mottainai" had various meanings, including a sense of gratitude mixed with shame for receiving greater favor from a superior than is properly merited by one's station in life. [3]

Although the word mottainai is written in Chinese characters, it was created in Japan and is based on Buddhist philosophy. The word has also entered the English language via Wasei-eigo (an English word made in Japan), and is also in use in other languages.

One of the earliest appearances of the word "mottainai" is in the book Genpei Jōsuiki (A Record of the Genpei War, ca. 1247).[4]

Mottainai is a compound word, mottai+nai. Mottai (勿体) refers to the intrinsic dignity or sacredness of a material entity, while Nai (無い) indicates an absence or lack. (Mottai further consists of "mochi (勿)," meaning "inevitable; unnecessary to discuss," and "tai (体)," or "entity; body.")

"Mottai" was originally used in the construction "mottai-ga-aru" (勿体+が+有る), literally "having mottai," which referred to a dignified entity. Today, "mottai" is also used in the construction "mottai-buru (勿体振る)," meaning "pretentious" or "giving oneself airs" by assuming more dignity than one truly possesses.

Buddhists traditionally used the term "mottainai" to indicate regret at the waste or misuse of something sacred or highly respected, such as religious objects or teaching. Today, the word is widely used in everyday life to indicate the waste of any material object, time, or other resource.

[edit] Modern usage and popular culture

Kenyan environmentalist Wangari Maathai, who was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2004, has promoted the concept of mottainai as a term that is roughly equivalent to the English phrase "Reduce, Reuse, Recycle."

Maathai[5] visited Japan for an event related to the Kyoto Protocol in 2005. At this time, she learned this word through coverage of the event in the Mainichi Shimbun newspaper. She was impressed by the depth of similarity between the Japanese meaning of the word and equivalent concepts in English and Swahili concerning people's responsibility to respect the earth through frugality and conservation. Since learning the word, she has promoted its adoption in the international lexicon as a symbol of the traditional worldwide concept of respect for the environment. She has used the word in numerous speeches on a world lecture tour, and while addressing the UN Commission on the Status of Women, she led the audience in a repeated chant of "Mottainai."

Maathai told Japanese TV that she tried to find equivalent words to "Mottainai" in other languages so as to spread the concept all over the world, but in vain. No single word was found that includes this attitude of respect and reverence for things, including the concept of "Reduce, Reuse, Recycle." Therefore, she is promoting the use of the word "Mottainai" as an international expression.

Japanese singer/songwriter Masashi Sada has also promoted this concept, and created the song "MOTTAINAI" to revitalize the spirit of "Mottainai" in Japan.

The song "MOTTAINAI" was played on Minna no Uta (みんなのうた), a children's public television program on NHK TV, in April and May 2007 to promote public awareness concerning resource conservation.

A news article on NPR's Morning Edition on 8 October 2007 discusses "Mottainai Grandma," a children's book by Moriko Shinju.

[edit] External links

[edit] References

  1. ^ Daijirin Japanese dictionary 2nd ed. (Japanese)
  2. ^ Masuda, K: "Kenkyusha's New Japanese-English Dictionary," page 1139. Kenkyusha Ltd., 1974
  3. ^ Daijirin Japanese dictionary 2nd ed. (Japanese)
  4. ^ About Battle of Yashima, Yoshitsune's bow sink story is considered written record of wording mottainai historically. Yoshitsune dropped off his bow in sea from riding horse, against a vassal voice of "Don't pick up the bow, let it be!", but he picked the bow where enemy Taira attempted to catch him. After battle was over, vassal told Yoshitune that "Your life is rather mottainai than a bow eve if it is worthy", but Yoshitsune said "If they see our inferior bow, it would be disgraceful to us Genji.
  5. ^ PDF Perspectives of language: cultural differences and universality in Japanese M Sasaki - Cultural Diversity and TransversalValues: East–West Dialogue … - unesdoc.unesco.org