Mosaic covenant

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Moses with the Ten Commandments by Rembrandt (1659)

In Christian theology, the Mosaic Covenant or Sinaitic Covenant refers to the relationship between God and the Jews and B'nei Noah that was, depending on the viewpoint, either superseded or expanded by the Christian New Covenant. The proponents of this view point to Exodus 19 through to the book of Deuteronomy as its textual basis. This covenant is significant in Christian theology as a background to the events and teachings of the New Testament. In this covenant, God promises:

To make the Children of Israel His special possession among all people if they obey God and keep His covenant (19:5)
To make the Children of Israel a kingdom of priests and a holy nation (19:6)
To give the Children of Israel the Sabbath as the permanent sign of this covenant (31:12-17)