Mormon folk music
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Mormon folk music was folk music sung by Mormon Pioneers in present-day Utah from the middle 19th century through the early 20th century. A historical component of Utah music, the popularity of Mormon folk music declined like traditional music nationally after the advent of music recording. However, uniquely Mormon folk music had already declined before the end of the 19th century.
Mormon folk songs showcase pioneer-era Mormon unity.
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[edit] Role of Mormon folk music
In 1847 Brigham Young led the first company of his followers into what became Salt Lake City, Utah, and the Great Basin area became steadily populated by Latter-day Saints. Because cost prohibited carrying many musical instruments across the plains, unaccompanied folk songs dominated early Mormon music. These songs typically had simple tunes, easy-to-recall lyrics, and broad enough appeal to be sung by contemporary Mormons. Thus, historical Latter-day Saint attitudes can be inferred from the types of songs they sang.
[edit] Types of songs
Many songs sung by Mormon pioneers were the same or similar to folk songs sung elsewhere. These ballads typically had themes of love, courtship, and crime. Only unique cultural themes in some songs made Mormon folk music distinct.
Some songs recounted the difficult trip to Utah in the first place. Like many other pioneers, most Mormons came west by ox or horse-driven carts, and some songs were shared between Mormon and other pioneers. However, the Mormon experience is unusual, because about 1600 Mormons traveled to Utah in 1856 and 1860 by handcart, a cart with several hundred pounds of supplies pulled by the pioneers themselves. Two of the handcart companies, the Martin and Willie handcart companies, met tragic fates, but the songs sung by handcart pioneers on their strenuous trip to Utah were remembered. In fact, members of the LDS Church still sing a modified version of the Handcart Song.
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- Handcart Song (chorus)
- And some will push and some will pull
- As we go marching up the hill,
- So merrily on our way we go
- Until we reach the valley-o!
Songs often expressed the animosity Mormons had toward the federal government. This is especially evident in songs from around 1857 contemporary to the so-called "Utah War". An example is the Duh Dah Mormon Song. Like many folk songs, the Du Dah Mormon Song is set to a recognizable tune: Stephen Foster's Camptown Races.
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- Du Dah Mormon Song (chorus)
- Then let us be on hand
- By Brigham Young to stand,
- And if our enemies do appear,
- We'll sweep them from the land.
Other Mormon folk songs exist recounting events like Utah's Black Hawk War, the Mormon perspective of the First transcontinental railroad, and even imprisonment for polygamy, which was common for polygamist Mormons in the 1880s. These songs were sung both for entertainment and for relaying a shared cultural experience.
[edit] Demise of Mormon folk music
Traditional songs in Utah were superseded by recorded and broadcast music early in the 20th century as were traditional songs nationwide. The popularity of distinctively Mormon folk songs had already faded, though. After Utah became a state in 1896, songs expressing fear and animosity about the federal government ceased to be relevant.
Latter-day Saints still sing a handful of folk songs such as the Handcart Song. Often this is done in remembrance of Pioneer Day, the anniversary of the first Mormon pioneers' arrival to what became Salt Lake City, Utah. The songs therefore serve as a tie to the past.
[edit] References
- Hubbard, Lester A. (1961) Ballads and Songs from Utah. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.
