Morley rank

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In mathematical logic, Morley rank, introduced by Michael D. Morley (1965), is a means of measuring the size of a subset of a model of a theory, generalizing the notion of dimension in algebraic geometry.

Contents 1 Definition 2 Examples 3 See also 4 References

[edit] Definition

Fix a theory T with a model M. The Morley rank of a formula φ defining a definable subset S of M is an ordinal or −1 or ∞, defined by first recursively defining what it means for a formula to have Morley rank at least α for some ordinal α.

• The Morley rank is at least 0 if S is non-empty.
• For α a successor ordinal, the Morley rank is at least α if in some elementary extension N of M, S has countably many disjoint definable subsets S_i, each of rank at least α-1.
• For α a non-zero limit ordinal, the Morley rank is at least α if it is at least β for all β less than α.

The Morley rank is then defined to be α if it is at least α but not at least α+1, and is defined to be ∞ if it is at least α for all ordinals α, and is defined to be −1 if S is empty.

For a subset of a model M defined by a formula φ the Morley rank is defined to be the Morley rank of φ in any ℵ₀-saturated elementary extension of M. In particular for ℵ₀-saturated models the Morley rank of a subset is the Morley rank of any formula defining the subset.

If φ defining S has rank α, and S breaks up into no more than n < ω subsets of rank α, then φ is said to have Morley degree n. A formula defining a finite set has Morley rank 0. A formula with Morley rank 1 and Morley degree 1 is called strongly minimal. A strongly minimal structure is one where the trivial formula x=x is strongly minimal. Morley rank and strongly minimal structures are key tools in the proof of Morley's categoricity theorem and in the larger area of stability theory (model theory).

[edit] Examples

• The empty set has Morley rank −1, and conversely anything of Morley rank −1 is empty.
• A subset has Morley rank 0 if and only if it is finite and non-empty.
• If V is an algebraic set in Kⁿ, for an algebraically closed field K, then the Morley rank of V is the same as its usual Krull dimension. The Morley degree of V is the number of irreducible components of maximal dimension; this is not the same as its degree in algebraic geometry, except when its components of maximal dimension are linear spaces.
• The ordinal ω^α has Morley rank α when considered as an ordered set.
• The rational numbers, considered as an ordered set, has Morley rank ∞, as it contains a countable disjoint union of definable subsets isomorphic to itself.

[edit] See also

• Cherlin-Zilber conjecture
• Group of finite Morley rank
• U-rank

[edit] References

• A. Borovik, A. Nesin, "Groups of finite Morley rank", Oxford Univ. Press (1994)
• B. Hart Stability theory and its variants (2000) pp. 131-148 in Model theory, algebra and geometry, edited by D. Haskell et al., Math. Sci. Res. Inst. Publ. 39, Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 2000. Contains a formal definition of Morley rank.
• David Marker Model Theory of Differential Fields (2000) pp. 53-63 in Model theory, algebra and geometry, edited by D. Haskell et al., Math. Sci. Res. Inst. Publ. 39, Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 2000.
• Morley, M.D. (1965), “Categoricity in power”, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 114: 514–538, <http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0002-9947%28196502%29114%3A2%3C514%3ACIP%3E2.0.CO%3B2-O> 
• Pillay, A. (2001), “Group of finite Morley rank”, in Hazewinkel, Michiel, Encyclopaedia of Mathematics, Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN 978-1556080104 
• Pillay, A. (2001), “Morley rank”, in Hazewinkel, Michiel, Encyclopaedia of Mathematics, Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN 978-1556080104