Monarchy in Manitoba
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| Queen in Right of Manitoba | |
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| Monarchy | |
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 Royal Coat of Arms of Manitoba |
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| Incumbent: Elizabeth II Queen of Canada |
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| Style: | Her Majesty |
| First monarch: | Victoria |
| Formation: | July 15, 1870 |
The Monarchy in Manitoba is a legal entity formally known as the Crown in Right of Manitoba, which serves as the institution from which the power of the state flows within the province of Manitoba, forming the core of the province's Westminster system of constitutional monarchy. The present Canadian monarch is Queen Elizabeth II, since February 6, 1952, who is known within Manitoba's legal jurisdiction as Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Manitoba. As the monarch does not reside in Manitoba, a vice-regal representative, the Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba, is appointed to carry out all the monarch's duties in the province.
The Crown in Right of Manitoba was established with the Manitoba Act, 1870, though the governments of the previous incarnations of the province, going back to the absorption of Rupert's Land into the Northwest Territories in 1869, have been monarchical in nature, and historical links with the French and British Crowns extend back even further, to the early 1600s.
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[edit] Constitutional monarchy in Manitoba
Within the Canadian constitutional monarchy system the headship of state is not a part of either the federal or provincial jurisdictions; the Queen reigns impartially over the country as a whole[citation needed]. However, due to Canada's federal nature, each province in Canada, as with the federal government, derives its authority and sovereignty directly from the one Canadian monarch, meaning there effectively exists within the country eleven legally distinct crowns with one sovereign[citation needed]. Thus, Manitoba has a separate government headed by the Queen; however, as a province, Manitoba is not itself a monarchy.
A lieutenant governor is appointed by the Governor General, on the advice of the Prime Minister of Canada, to serve as the Queen's representative in the province, carrying out all the monarch's constitutional and ceremonial duties of state on her behalf. The viceroy is provided an official residence by the Crown: Government House in Winnipeg. The building belongs to the Crown, being held in trust for future rulers, and cannot be sold by the monarch. His Honour The Honourable John Harvard is the current Lieutenant Governor, having served since June 30, 2004.
The Crown in Right of Manitoba performs a vast number of functions and duties central to the provincial government, judicial system, and system of honours, as well as owning provincial Crown corporations and Crown Land.
- Further information: Monarchy in the Canadian provinces
[edit] Symbols
Images of St. Edward's, the Tudor, and King's Crown are visible on provincial symbols such as police badges (see the Winnipeg Police Service badge), and the Order of Manitoba, the latter illustrating the monarch's place as the ceremonial head of the Canadian honours system. Portraits of the monarch are often found in government buildings, schools, and military installations. The Crown is also included on the Lieutenant Governor's personal flag, or vice-regal standard, visible above the shield of the Arms of Her Majesty in Right of Manitoba, which, in turn, is surrounded by ten gold maple leafs, symbolizing the ten provinces.
Monuments to members of the Royal Family are located across the province.
- Further information: National symbols of Canada, Canadian royal symbols, and Flags of the Lieutenant Governors of Canada
[edit] Royal presence
Members of the Royal Family have been visiting Manitoba since before the province joined Confederation, either as a royal tour, a vice-regal tour, or as a "working visit" (meaning in association with a charity or military organization instead of a state affair). Queen Elizabeth II has travelled to Manitoba more than any other member of the Royal Family, touring all parts of the province from Portage la Prairie to Churchill.[1]
[edit] History
Manitoba's monarchical history begins with the explorations of Henry Hudson, who, in 1611, was one of the first Europeans to sail into what is now known as Hudson Bay, on the first trading voyage that led to the formation of the Hudson's Bay Company, founded by royal charter from King Charles II. The King claimed the entire Hudson Bay watershed, which covers land in what is now known as Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Minnesota, North Dakota, and more. This area was named Rupert's Land, after Prince Rupert, who helped to form the Hudson's Bay Company.
From the south, Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, sieur de La Vérendrye, claimed the Red River Valley in the 1730s for King Louis XV. Though a number of French settlers moved into the region, it was lost to King George III through the French and Indian War. From that point on more European colonists arrived in the Rupert's Land region and either settled farmsteads or took up fur trading, 1869 when the area known as Manitoba was ceded to the Canadian Crown, and incoporated into the Northwest Territories. Métis concerns over this move led Louis Riel to establish a provisional republican government as part of The Red River Rebellion, from which, following the resulting negotiations and a granting of amnesty by Governor General John Young, 1st Baron Lisgar, resulted the creation of the Province of Manitoba in 1870, by Governor General Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava.
During their pan-Canadian tour in May, 1939, King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon travelled across Manitoba. While staying at Government House in Winnipeg, the King made a radio broadcast to the British Empire; the table at which he sat remains in the Aides Room of the royal residence.[2]
[edit] First nations and the Crown in Right of Manitoba
Though treaties were signed between the Crown and First Nations peoples within Manitoba, the agreements were between the indigenous tribes and the monarch of Canada, meaning Indian reserves fell under the responsibility of the Crown in Right of Canada. However, through the Manitoba Natural Resources Transfer Agreement, 1929, the Manitoba Crown was responsible for setting aside some of its Crown Land to satisfy treaty obligations made with the First Nations. This agreement was included in the British North America Act, 1930 (now the Constitution Act 1950).[3] This means that aborigional land claims must be negotiated with the provincial Crown and not the federal, though monies are paid by Ottawa.[4]
- Further information: The Canadian Crown and First Nations, Inuit and Métis
[edit] Royal connections
Manitoba's monarchical status is illustrated via associations between the Crown and many private organizations within the province, as well as through royal names applied to a plethora of regions, communities, schools, buildings, and monuments, many of which may also have a specific history with a member or members of the Royal Family.
[edit] Communities
The Crown's presence at the most local levels is demonstrated in part by royal and vice-regal namesakes chosen to be incorporated by communities across the province. Communities with royally or vice-regally associated named include:
| Towns/cities named for Canadian sovereigns include: | ||||||||
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| Community | Named for | |||||||
| Victoria | Queen Victoria[5] | |||||||
| Victoria Beach | Queen Victoria[5] | |||||||
| Albert | Prince Albert | |||||||
| Dauphin | French Dauphin | |||||||
[edit] Education
Schools across the province are also named for Canadian sovereigns, royal family members, or either federal or provincial viceroys.
| Schools named for Canadian sovereigns include: | ||||||||
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| School | Location | Named for | ||||||
| George V Public School | Winnipeg | King George V | ||||||
| King Edward Public School | Winnipeg | King Edward VII | ||||||
| Victoria and Albert Public School | Winnipeg | Queen Victoria and Prince Albert | ||||||
| Schools named for members of the Canadian Royal Family include: | ||||||||
| School | Location | Named for | ||||||
| Princess Margaret School | Winnipeg | Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon | ||||||
| Schools named for Canadian viceroys include: | ||||||||
| School | Location | Named for | ||||||
| Earl Grey Public School | Winnipeg | Albert Grey, 4th Earl Grey | ||||||
| Landsdowne Public School | Winnipeg | Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne | ||||||
| Athlone School | Winnipeg | Alexander Cambridge, 1st Earl of Athlone | ||||||
| Collège Jeanne-Sauvé | Winnipeg | Jeanne Sauvé | ||||||
| General Vanier School | Winnipeg | Georges Vanier | ||||||
| Vincent Massey Collegiate | Winnipeg | Vincent Massey | ||||||
[edit] Landmarks
A number of buildings, monuments and geographic locations are named for Canadian monarchs, members of the Royal Family, or federal or provincial viceroys.
[edit] Royal designation, charter and patronage
Organizations in Manitoba may be founded by a Royal Charter, receive a "royal" prefix, and/or be honoured with the patronage of a member of the Royal Family.
- Further information: Monarchy in the Canadian provinces: Royal designation, charter and patronage
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
- Office of the Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba
- The Monarchist League Of Canada
- Citizens for a Canadian Republic
[edit] References
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