Moe Jaffe
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Moe Jaffe (born October 23, 1901, in Vilna, now Lithuania – died December 2, 1972, in Englewood, New Jersey) was a songwriter and bandleader who composed more than 250 songs over the better part of four decades. He is best known for the “big six” -- standards that earned their place in the American Songbook, namely “Collegiate,” “The Gypsy In My Soul,” “If I Had My Life To Live Over,” “If You Are But A Dream,” “Bell Bottom Trousers” and “I'm My Own Grandpa.”
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[edit] First success
Shortly after his birth, Jaffe's family left for America and settled in Keyport, New Jersey. After graduating from Keyport High School, Moe worked his way through the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School (class of '23) and the University of Pennsylvania Law School (class of '26) by playing piano and leading a campus dance band, Jaffe's Collegians.
It was the band's theme song, “Collegiate,” that turned the law student toward Tin Pan Alley. Written by Jaffe and fellow law student Nat Bonx, “Collegiate” was well known on the Penn campus when Fred Waring (a Penn State grad) brought his Pennsylvanians to play at the U of P's annual Ivy Ball. At the ball, Waring received so many requests for the song that he first assumed it was published. When he learned that the writers were on campus, introductions were made and on April 4, 1925, Waring's Pennsylvanians recorded “Collegiate” at the Victor Talking Machine Company studios in Camden, New Jersey. If the recording had not become a hit, it would still have historical significance as one of the first electrical recordings of a song; that is, the first to use an electrical microphone rather than an acoustic horn.
Within the year, Waring's recording helped make “Collegiate” the number three song in the country, selling over one million copies of sheet music. Over the years, the song sold over five million discs and was "interpolated" into several movies -- most notably, Chico Marx's piano version in Horse Feathers (1932).
[edit] On to Broadway
From the late 1920s through the mid '40s, Jaffe's songwriting credits made Moe Jaffe and His Orchestra a Philadelphia favorite. Their dance music was broadcast live from the Georgian Room of the Benjamin Franklin Hotel. Also, for many summers, he led the band north to Poland Spring, Maine, where they served as the house orchestra at the fashionable Poland Spring House.
During this time, though, Jaffe continued to pursue his songwriting career -- primarily as a lyricist, although he also wrote the music for some songs. In 1929, the Shubert Brothers offered a helping hand. Two years earlier, a Shubert production, "Listen, Dearie" included the song “Sweetest Little Girl,” by Moe Jaffe, Nat Bonx and Clay Boland. Then, in 1929, Moe contributed songs to three revues produced by the Messrs. Shubert: “Pleasure Bound,” “A Night in Venice” and “Broadway Nights.”
It was actually the Philadelphia stage, however, that introduced one of Jaffe's most successful songs, “The Gypsy In My Soul,” written with Clay Boland in 1937 for the 50th annual production of the University of Pennsylvania's Mask and Wig Show.
In those days, "varsity shows" were major productions, playing in legitimate theaters and drawing large audiences from outside the university community. But despite their popularity, the commercial value of their songs was neither recognized nor exploited; typically, the songs were printed in a portfolio and sold as souvenirs. Then in 1935, Brooks Bowman wrote “East Of The Sun” for a Princeton Triangle show and changed the rules. After that, contributing songwriters were able to secure independent publication of their songs, which were published in individual copies, orchestrated for dance and recorded by name artists.
So, instead of simply donating his creative services to his alma mater, Jaffe teamed up with Clay Boland to write the scores for a total of nine Mask & Wig shows between 1936 and 1950. Considering that “The Gypsy In My Soul” has been recorded at least 100 times since then, it was clearly a smart move for Jaffe and Boland to retain the rights.
[edit] Later hits
Although "book shows" like the Mask & Wig productions provide songwriters with a context, most of Jaffe’s subsequent songs, written with various collaborators, were created independently of the stage. In 1937, for example, Jaffe teamed up with Henry Tobias and Larry Vincent to write “If I Had My Life To Live Over,” a sentimental waltz that caught on after World War II, when it was featured by Kate Smith, Buddy Clark and Bob Eberly, among others.
In 1941, Moe, Nat Bonx and musician Jack Fulton adapted Anton Rubenstein's classical “Romance,” added lyrics, and called their version “If You Are But A Dream.” After Jimmy Dorsey and his Orchestra introduced the song (with Bob Eberly's vocal), it went on to take a permanent place among Frank Sinatra's greatest hits -- recorded on Columbia with Axel Stordahl's arrangement, and on Capitol with Nelson Riddle's arrangement. This version is featured in the film Radio Days.
In 1944, Jaffe took credit for words and music, without collaboration, on "Bell Bottom Trousers” -- although he would freely admit that it wasn't an entirely original concept. For a hundred years or more, sailors sang a much bawdier version of the tune, much too "blue" for the times. Fortunately, Moe's cleaned-up version was tame enough for Ruth McCullough to sing when Tony Pastor's orchestra recorded the song. And additional recordings by Guy Lombardo, Louis Prima, Jerry Colonna and others made “Bell Bottom Trousers” Tune-Dex Digest's number two selling song for 1944-45 (second to “Don't Fence Me In”).
In the mid 1940s, Jaffe formed a business collaboration with Paul Kapp, a personal manager for musical artists. Together, they founded General Music Publishing Company, which had its first big hit in 1948 with Moe's song “I'm My Own Grandpaw,” co-written with Dwight Latham. Latham was a singer with The Jesters, a popular trio known for their novelty songs. He was probably the one who remembered an anecdote, attributed to Mark Twain, that described someone who became his own grandfather by marrying his daughter's stepmother. A more recent (and credible) attribution indicates that the song was based on a story called Singular Intermarriages printed in Charles Bombaugh's "Gleanings" in 1870. Whatever its origins, “I'm My Own Grandpaw” has been consistently performed and recorded ever since -- including a 2001 release by Willie Nelson.
Other songs in the Jaffe catalog include “Oh, You Sweet One,” written with Paul Kapp in 1949, recorded by The Andrews Sisters; “Bread And Gravy,” written with Dwight Latham in 1948, recorded by Homer and Jethro; “I Don't Know From Nothin', “written with Henry Tobias in 1949, recorded by Don Cornell and Laura Leslie with the Sammy Kaye Orchestra; “It's Just A Matter Of Opinion,” written with Carl Lampl in 1946, recorded by Gene Krupa; “An Apple A Day,” written with Clay Boland in 1936, recorded by Hal Kemp; and “Charlie Was A Boxer,” written with George Keefer and Vincent Lopez in 1940, and recorded by Lopez.
A few Jaffe songs have a spiritual or gospel flavor, such as: “Get Together With The Lord,” written with Bickley Reichner in 1945, recorded by Andy Kirk's Orchestra with The Jubalaires; “Pray,” written with Reichner and Clay Boland in 1950, recorded by Hank Snow; “Just Whisper,” written with Reichner in 1951, recorded by Savannah Churchill; and “These Things Are Known (Only To God),” written with Paul Kapp in 1951, and recorded by Jan Peerce.
By the 1960s, the music industry had changed dramatically, and the kind of songs Jaffe wrote fell out of public favor. Fortunately, a few of his tunes continued to be recorded, especially “Gypsy in My Soul,” primarily by jazz artists, and “Grandpaw,” mostly by country singers. Also, General Music Publishing enjoyed a few more prosperous years by publishing a song called “I Left My Heart In San Francisco,” written by Douglass Cross and George Cory.
By the time of Tony Bennett's hit, though, Jaffe was suffering from Parkinson's Disease and his overall health was failing. He had lived in Teaneck, New Jersey for many years, and died at a hospital in nearby Englewood, New Jersey, on December 2, 1972.[1]
[edit] References
- ^ "Moe Jaffe, Composer, Dead; Wrote 'Gypsy in My Soul'", The New York Times, December 4, 1972, p. 42.
