Mobile and Ohio Railroad

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Mobile and Ohio Railroad
Locale	Southern United States
Dates of operation	1848–1940
Successor line	Gulf, Mobile and Ohio
Track gauge	4 ft 8½ in (1435 mm) (standard gauge)
Headquarters	Mobile, Alabama

The Mobile and Ohio Railroad is a defunct U.S. railroad. The M&O was chartered in January and February of 1848 by the states of Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee. It was planned to span the distance between the seaport of Mobile, Alabama and the Ohio River near Cairo, Illinois.^[1] On September 13, 1940, it was merged with the Gulf, Mobile and Northern Railroad to form the Gulf, Mobile and Ohio Railroad.^[2]

[edit] History

The Mobile and Ohio Railroad was conceived after hard times in Mobile following the Panic of 1837. The port was no longer generating the business that it had before the panic and businessmen and citizens in the city were inspired with a plan for a railroad to restore commerce to the city. The first section of track opened for service in 1852 between Mobile and Citronelle, Alabama. The line made it to Columbus, Kentucky on April 22, 1861, steamboats were then used to connect with the Illinois Central Railroad at Cairo.^[1]

The occurrence of the American Civil War shortly after the completion of the line saw it converted to military use and it quickly became a military target for both sides during the war. Following the conflict the M&O had to be almost entirely rebuilt and was facing near total financial ruin due in part to an unpaid debt of $5,228,562 that had been owed by the Confederate government. It was placed in receivership in 1875 and did not emerge until eight years later.^[1] By 1870, the operators had seen the need to complete the line all the way to Cairo and make it the northern terminus instead of Columbus, but financial problems stood in the way. Finally, on May 1, 1882, the new line extension to Cairo was opened. The company then acquired the St. Louis and Cairo Railroad, which was narrow gauge. They then converted it to standard gauge and had a line running from Mobile to St. Louis, Missouri.^[1]

In 1896 the company decided to build a line from its Columbus, Mississippi terminal toward Florida. On June 30, 1898 the Tuscaloosa to Montgomery, Alabama line opened, along with two short branch lines. That same year they decided to build a 39-mile (63 km) line from Mobile to Alabama Port and Bayou La Batre, Alabama, naming it the Mobile and Bay Shore Railway. It was completed in 1899.^[1]

The M&O's stockholders and bondholders accepted a stock exchange plan in 1901 from Southern Railway. A merger of the two was attempted in 1902 but vetoed by Mississippi governor James K. Vardaman. Thereafter the M&O continued operations under Southern's control. From 1908 the M&O was considered to be a highly prosperous railroad, but net income declined sharply after 1926 and by 1930 the M&O had a net deficit of almost $1,000,000. On June 3, 1932, the M&O went into the receivership yet again. Southern was accused of having violated the Clayton Antitrust Act by using the M&O for its own profit at the expense of the M&O, though the case was dropped in 1933. Southern sold its M&O bonds in 1940 to the Gulf, Mobile and Northern Railroad. The GM&N was then combined with the M&O to form the Gulf, Mobile and Ohio Railroad.^[1]

[edit] References