Image:Mkirwan.jpg

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• Description: Michael J. Kirwan with President John F. Kennedy
• Source: Images of America: Irish in Youngstown and the Greater Mahoning Valley (Chicago: Arcadia Publishing, 2004).
• Author: Unknown

This work is copyrighted and unlicensed. It does not fall into one of the blanket acceptable non-free content categories listed at Wikipedia:Non-free content#Images or Wikipedia:Non-free content#Audio clips. However, it is believed that the use of this work in the article "Michael J. Kirwan" : To illustrate the subject in question Where no free equivalent is available or could be created that would adequately give the same information On the English-language Wikipedia, hosted on servers in the United States by the non-profit Wikimedia Foundation ([1]), qualifies as fair use under United States copyright law. Any other uses of this image, on Wikipedia or elsewhere, may be copyright infringement. See Wikipedia:Non-free content and Wikipedia:Copyrights. To the uploader: this tag is not a sufficient claim of fair use. You must also include the source of the work, all available copyright information, and a detailed non-free use rationale.

[edit] Fair use for Michael J. Kirwan

This image is being used for identification of a deceased historic figure who is the subject of an article written for nonprofit informative purposes. It is believed that the use of the image on Wikipedia will have no impact on the commercial value of the image or any other works it is currently used in. Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:

1. It is a historically significant photo of a famous individual. The photo reflects the subject's position as an influence lawmaker with close ties to the other figure captured in the image.^[1]
2. It is of much lower resolution than the original (copies made from it will be of very inferior quality).
3. The photo is only being used for informational purposes.
4. Its inclusion in the article adds significantly to the article because the photo depicts the subject in a moment of familiarity with a major historical figure. Hence, this image cannot be easily replaced with free image of comparable educational value.

[edit] References

1. ^ Aley, Howard C. (1975). A Heritage to Share: The Bicentennial History of Youngstown and the Mahoning Valley. Youngstown, OH: The Bicentennial Commission of Youngstown and Mahoning County, Ohio, p. 446. 

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