Mittelalter rock

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Mittelalter rock or Mittelalter metal (Medieval rock or Medieval metal) is a German subgenre of folk metal that blends hard rock or heavy metal music with medieval folk music. The genre emerged from the middle of the 1990s with contributions from Subway to Sally, In Extremo and Schandmaul. The style is characterised by the prominent use of a wide variety of traditional folk and medieval instruments.

[edit] History

[edit] Precursors

The earliest known precursor to mittelalter rock is the German progressive folk rock band Ougenweide from the 1970s. Despite predating mittelalter rock by over a decade, they have since been retrospectively credited as pioneers of the genre.^[1]

The medieval music of Corvus Corax has been described as "folk metal without metal."^[2]

A more recent precursor is the medieval folk band Corvus Corax, formed in 1989 with a debut album released in the same year.^[3] The group relies on "carefully researched and constructed period instruments"^[4] that include the cister, hurdy gurdy, biniou, buccina, davul, riq and cornetto curvo with the most prominent being the shawm and bagpipes.^[2] They are also known for their use of "authentic source material,"^[4] adopting melodies from medieval literature written in an old system of notation called neumes but otherwise using their own interpretations for arrangements and the rhythm.^[5] They describe their approach as "louder, dirtier and more powerful than any interpretation of medieval music before."^[6] The result has been associated more with medieval taverns and pubs rather than the royal courts or church.^[3][2]

While mittelalter rock is a German phenomenon,^[7] another inspiration for the genre is the English folk metal band Skyclad. Formed in 1990 as a thrash metal band, they added violins from session musician Mike Evans on several tracks from their debut album, The Wayward Sons of Mother Earth,^[8] with the song "The Widdershins Jig" acclaimed as "particularly significant" and "a certain first in the realms of Metal".^[9] The band added a full time violinist to their ranks^[10][8] and has since been credited not only as the originators and pioneers of folk metal^[8][11][12] but also as a direct inspiration for mittelalter rock bands.^[9][13]

[edit] Origins

Subway to Sally, seen here performing live at the 2005 Sundstock Openair, has been credited as setting off this genre of music.

The East German band Subway to Sally was formed in 1992 as a folk rock band, singing in English and incorporating Irish and Scottish influences in their music.^[14] With their second album MCMXCV released in 1995, the band adopted a "more traditional approach" and started singing in German.^[14] Taking Skyclad as an influence,^[13] Subway to Sally performs a blend of hard rock and heavy metal music "enriched with medieval melodies enmeshed in the songs via bagpipes, hurdy-gurdy, lute, mandoline, shalm ^[sic] , fiddle and flute" and combined with "romantic-symbolic German-speaking poetry" in their lyrics.^[15] With chart success in their native Germany,^[14] they have since been credited as the band "that set off the wave of what is known as medieval rock."^[7]

In the year 1994, a concert was organised in Berlin that featured a collaboration between a rock band known as Noah and members of the aforementioned medieval group Corvus Corax.^[16] The result of this mix of medieval and rock music saw the group Noah turning into In Extremo. They began with two acoustic medieval albums before releasing a metal album Weckt die Toten! in 1998.^[17][18] They have since found chart success in Germany with their "medieval style stage garb and unashamed usage of such bizarre, sometimes hand made, instruments as the Scottish bagpipes."^[19]

Corvus Corax also joined in the fray with the release of an EP in 1996 that featured metal music with bagpipes.^[3] The EP was titled Tanzwut and the group has since continued exploring medieval metal as a side project by that name. Tanzwut's self-titled debut album arrived in 1999 to a mixed reception from fans of Corvus Corax.^[20] Their style blends not only medieval music and heavy metal but also industrial and electronic beats.

The year 1999 also saw the release of Schandmaul's debut album.^[21] Describing themselves as the "minstrels of today,"^[7] the Bavarian outfit employs a musical arsenal that includes the bagpipes, barrel-organ, shawm, violin and mandolin.^[22] Like Subway to Sally and In Extremo, Schandmaul has experienced chart success in their native Germany.^[21][22] Other groups that also emerged during the late 1990s and early 2000s included Letzte Instanz,^[23] Morgenstern^[24] and Schattentantz.^[25]

[edit] Musical characteristics

Tanzwut are seen here performing with bagpipes and other woodwind instruments.

Like its parent genre, medieval rock feature the same typical instruments found in heavy metal music: guitars, bass, drums and vocalist. Bands in the genre are known to supplement their sound with a wide range of folk and traditional instruments. Woodwind instruments like the bagpipes, flutes and shawm can be found in the music of Corvus Corax, Tanzwut,^[3] In Extremo,^[19] Schandmaul,^[22] Morgernstern,^[24] Schattentantz^[25] and Subway to Sally^[26] while string instruments like the violin, lute, hurdy gurdy, cello, harp and mandolin are employed by Subway to Sally,^[15] In Extremo,^[19] Schandmaul,^[22] Morgernstern,^[24] Schattentantz^[25] and Subway to Sally.^[26]

Bands in the genre are also known to sing mostly or only in German, including Subway to Sally,^[26] Morgenstern^[27] and Letzte Instanz.^[28]

[edit] List of bands

This is an incomplete list, which may never be able to satisfy certain standards for completeness.

Revisions and sourced additions are welcome.

[edit] See also

• Folk metal

[edit] References