Mitch Bouyer
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Mitch Bouyer (sometimes spelled 'Bowyer', 'Buoyer', or 'Buazer', or in Creole, 'Boye') (1837–June 25, 1876) was an interpreter and guide in the Old West following the American Civil War. General John Gibbon called him "next to Jim Bridger, the best guide in the country". He was killed at the Battle of the Little Bighorn.
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[edit] Early years
He was born Michel[1] Bouyer in 1837. [2] His father, John Baptiste Bouyer, [3] was a French Canadian who was employed by the American Fur Company, trading with Sioux in the Wyoming area. Mitch's mother was a Santee Sioux. His father was killed by Indians while trapping, about 1863. Mitch's Indian name was Kar-pash. He had three full sisters: Marie, Anne, and Therese, who seem to have been triplets born in 1840. He also had at least two half-brothers: John Bouyer (c. 1845-1871), who was hung at Fort Laramie for killing an Army scout in the first legal execution in Wyoming Territory, and Antoine Bouyer (born 1852?), whom Walter Mason Camp interviewed in 1912. John, in an interview just before he was hung, stated that there had been others who had already died.
Mitch was an interpreter at Fort Phil Kearny in 1868. In the fall of 1869, he married a young Crow woman named Magpie Outside (or Magpie Out-of-Doors), who became known as Mary. Their first child, also named Mary, was born in 1870. Sometime later they also had a son, apparently named Tom, but eventually called James LeForge (see below).
[edit] Army scout and death at the Little Big Horn
Bouyer became a guide for the 2nd U.S. Cavalry, working with the Northern Pacific Railroad's survey team. From 1872 on he was employed by the Crow Agency and the US Army.
In 1876 Lt. Col. George Armstrong Custer requested that Bouyer be transferred to the 7th U.S. Cavalry as an interpreter for the Crow scouts when Gen. Alfred Terry ordered the 7th south from the Montana Column to search for hostile Indians. Custer's regular scouts were Ree (Arikara). However, for this mission, Terry had assigned six of Lt. James Bradley's Crow scouts to the 7th (including Curley). Bouyer had the additional bonus of knowing the country well.
At the Crow's Nest, Bouyer was one of the scouts who warned Custer about the size of the Indian village, which Custer claimed he couldn't make out. Bouyer told him, "General, I have been with these Indians for 30 years, and this is the largest village I have ever known of." After failing to convince Custer, it is reported[citation needed]Bouyer gave away his possessions, convinced he would die in the coming battle. There was a report that Sitting Bull had offered a bounty of 100 ponies for Bouyer's head.[citation needed]
When Custer's command was divided into 3 battalions, about noon, Bouyer was assigned to accompany Custer, whose battalion would be almost completely wiped out. There were only about a dozen survivors of Custer's battalion, all of whom had left it before the battle began. Soldiers in Reno's fight claimed to have seen Custer on the bluffs watching the retreat, but this was later shown probably to have been Bouyer and Curley, who had ridden ahead of the main force.[citation needed] Bouyer stayed with Custer and was killed in the Battle of the Little Big Horn.
In 1984, a fire burned through much of the Custer Battlefield, enabling archaeological digs to be made. Part of a skull was found that was identified as Bouyer's by comparison of the facial bones with the only photograph known of him. The skull was found to the west of the monument on Custer Hill, at what is called the 'South Skirmish Line'.
Bouyer seems to have been a flamboyant character. In the photograph, he is wearing a fur hat with 2 woodpeckers one on either side, and he was wearing a piebald calf's vest the day of the fatal battle.
After Bouyer's death, his widow Mary was taken in by his close friend, Thomas Leforge. When his own wife died, Leforge married Mary and adopted her children. This is probably when Mitch's son was renamed, as Leforge had a son of his own named Tom. Mary died in 1916.[citation needed]
[edit] Accusation of duplicity
In 1985, more than a century after the Bouyer's death, Henry Weibert and his son Don published a book called Sixty-Six Years in Custer's Shadow, in which they analyzed the battle in light of their intimate knowledge of the terrain. Amongst their theories was the idea that the Seventh Cavalry had been led by Bouyer into a trap.[citation needed] Though other writers had speculated the Seventh might have been entrapped,[citation needed] this was the only book to point a finger at Bouyer. Historians ridiculed the idea[citation needed], saying that went goes against everything known about Bouyer's character. Furthermore, it would have been a personal betrayal of his family and friends of many years' standing among the Crow.
In a later book, written after his father died, Don Weibert, though repeating many of the earlier conclusions about how the battle was fought, dropped the claim that Bouyer had betrayed Custer.
[edit] Notes
- ^ the incorrect 'Minton' in early 20th century writings is due to his nickname 'Mitch'
- ^ according to 1840 baptismal records; Mitch himself, in the only direct information we have from him, testimony about the 1866 Fetterman Massacre, claimed he was 28 in 1867
- ^ Camp gives 'Vital', probably a confusion with Vital Beauvais, whose surname is similarly pronounced in French
[edit] References
- Connell, Evan S.; Son of the Morning Star: Custer And The Little Bighorn. (1985)
- Gray, John S.; Custer's Last Campaign (1991)
- Hammer, Ken, ed.; Custer in '76: Walter Camp's Notes on the Custer Fight. Norman: University of Oklahoma, 1976.
- Weibert, Henry & Don; Sixty-Six Years in Custer's Shadow (1985)
