Miriam Ben-Porat

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Miriam Ben-Porat (Hebrew: מרים בן פורת‎, born Miriam Shinezon on January 18, 1918) is an Israeli jurist. She was a Supreme Court of Israel judge and the State Comptroller of Israel.

Contents

[edit] Biography

[edit] Early life

Shinezon was born in 1918 in Vitebsk, Russia, the youngest of three sisters and four brothers. She grew up in Lithuania, where her parents owned a textile factory. After finishing high school in 1936, she immigrated to the British Mandate of Palestine by herself. Most of her family was killed in the Holocaust. In the Yishuv, she changed her name to Ben-Porat. She was one of the first women to study law at the Hebrew University, and in 1945 she was admitted to the bar.[1]

[edit] Judge

In 1949 she began to work in the State Attorney's office, and by 1953 she became the deputy State Attorney. In 1959 she was appointed as a judge in the Jerusalem District Court. Her swearing-in ceremony was boycotted by the Israeli Bar Association. Only following a public scandal, an apology was arranged between her and the Jerusalem Chamber of Advocates. By 1975, she became the President of the Jerusalem District Court. From 1964 through 1978, she was also a professor at the Hebrew University, specializing in contracts and commercial notes. She was the only faculty member without a doctorate.[2]

In 1977 she became the first woman appointed to the Supreme Court.[3][4] In 1988, upon reaching the retirement age for judges, she was elected by the Knesset to be the State Comptroller. She was the first woman to serve in this position.[1] After five years, she was reelected.[3]

[edit] State Comptroller

She is considered the person who turned the institution of State Comptroller into a powerful one. In 1990, she published a report on the Israeli water system, which led to the dismissal of water commissioner;[5] A report saying the government didn't make the proper arrangements to absorb immigrants from the former Soviet Union;[5] A criticism of the investigation of policemen by the police, which led to the establishment of the police investigation unit in the Justice Ministry.[6]

In 1991, she exposed the funds transfer by Minister of Interior Aryeh Deri to Shas institutions, which led to his trial. She also reported shortcomings in Israel's preparations to the Gulf War. She stopped a deal planned by Housing Minister Ariel Sharon to purchase 20,000 apartments from one contractor company.[7] In 1992 she criticized the Housing Ministry, leading to the firing and indictment of Amidar chairman of the board, Uri Shani. In 1993, the law of government companies was amended following a report she published in 1989. She also managed to postpone a plan proposed by Finance Minister Avraham Shohat to sell Bank Hapoalim shares.[8] In 1994 she pointed out suspicions of Housing Minister Binyamin Ben-Eliezer's commitments to transfer funds to local authorities affiliated with the Labour Party.[9][6]

In 1995, she assailed the Shin Bet for breaching the Landau Commission report on torture.[10] A criminal investigation was opened against major figures in the Ministry of Religious affairs, based on her report.[11] She also led to the amendment of the arrest law. In 1996 she revealed that the Transportion Minister Israel Kessar had allotted funds to local authorities, preferring authorities whose heads are Labour Party members. In 1997 she criticized the government's handling of the Israel Dockyards company during the time in which the company was in a state of temporary liquidation.[6]

On July 4, 1998, at the end of two cadences, she retired from her position as State Comptroller, and has since been involved in public activity and writing. Ben-Porat is a widow, and has a daughter and three grandchildren.[12][6]

[edit] Accolades

On April 18, 1991, she won the Israel Prize for her contribution to society.[12][1] On May 17, 1993, she received an honorary doctorate from University of Pennsylvania and in September 2000 she was given an honorary doctorate from Hebrew Union College. In 1995, she received a prize from the Movement for Quality Government in Israel.[6]

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b c Salokar and Volcansek (1996), p. 38
  2. ^ Salokar and Volcansek (1996), p. 39
  3. ^ a b Salokar and Volcansek (1996), p. 38, 40
  4. ^ Edelman (1994), p. 39
  5. ^ a b Brinkley, Joel. "Israeli Civic Watchdog Is Suddenly a Target", New York Times, 1991-08-29. Retrieved on 2008-05-25. 
  6. ^ a b c d e "Ben-Porat Miriam", 2006-07-03. Retrieved on 2008-05-25.  (Hebrew)
  7. ^ Haberman, Clyde. "Likud Is Set Back by a Report of Waste and Graft", New York Times, 1992-04-29. Retrieved on 2008-05-27. 
  8. ^ "Comptroller stops Hapoalim sale", Israel Business Today, 1993-03-05. Retrieved on 2008-05-27. 
  9. ^ Gordon, Evelyn. "Ben-Eliezer should have been indicted", Jerusalem Post, 1996-05-22. Retrieved on 2008-05-27. 
  10. ^ "Israel admits torture", BBC, 2000-02-09. Retrieved on 2008-05-27. 
  11. ^ Perry and Ironside (1999), p. 158
  12. ^ a b Miriam Ben-Porat. Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2001-01-08). Retrieved on 2008-05-25.

[edit] Bibligraphy

  • Edelman, Martin (1994). Courts, Politics, and Culture in Israel. University of Virginia Press, 169. ISBN 0813915074. 
  • Perry, Dan; Alfred Ironside (1999). Israel and the quest for permanence. McFarland, 216. ISBN 0786406453. 
  • Salokar, Rebecca Mae; Mary L. Volcansek (1996). Women in Law: A Bio-bibliographical Sourcebook. Greenwood Publishing Group, 376. ISBN 0313294100. 
Persondata
NAME Ben-Porat, Miriam
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Miriam Shinezon
SHORT DESCRIPTION Supreme Court of Israel judge and the State Comptroller of Israel
DATE OF BIRTH January 18, 1918
PLACE OF BIRTH Vitebsk, Russia
DATE OF DEATH
PLACE OF DEATH
Languages