Military science fiction

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Military science fiction is a subgenre of science fiction where interstellar or interplanetary conflict and its armed solution (war) make up the main or partial backdrop of the story. Such war is usually shown from the point of view of a soldier. In general, a detailed depiction of conflict forms the basis of most works of military science fiction. The main characters are often part of the military chain of command. The stories often resemble real life Earth conflicts, with countries replaced with entire planets fighting each other.

Contents 1 Characteristics 2 History 3 Viewpoints 4 Examples 4.1 Books 4.2 Movies, TV and Anime 4.3 Video Games 4.4 Comic Books 5 References 6 See also

[edit] Characteristics

Frequently, the conflict is assumed to be inevitable (Earthlings vs. extraterrestrials, democracies vs. dictatorships, dictatorships vs. other dictatorships, and extraterrestrial vs. other extraterrestrial, etc.), and the military approach is not questioned.^{[citation needed]} However, in a significant number of such works, the problem of ending an intractable conflict is dealt with, and in such works the conflict is often shown to have been pointless originally. Examples include David Drake's Counting the Cost, Joe Haldeman's The Forever War and Alan Moore's The Ballad of Halo Jones. Traditional military values (discipline, courage, etc.) are usually stressed, and the action is often described from the point of view of either a soldier or officer. Technology is generally advanced and often described in detail; however, in some stories technology is fairly static, in some cases using weapons that would be familiar to present-day soldiers, and wars are not primarily won by R&D or even logistics, but by willpower and military virtues. In other stories technological changes are central to plot development.

Another common characteristic is the use of actual historical battles or conflicts as more or less direct models for fictional situations.^{[citation needed]} Often starships are classified as in the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922: heavy and light cruisers, etc.^{[citation needed]}

[edit] History

Perhaps the first works of modern military SF were H. Beam Piper's Uller Uprising (1952) (based on the events of the Sepoy Mutiny) and the same author's Lord Kalvan of Otherwhen (1965). Robert A. Heinlein's Starship Troopers (1959) is another pivotal early work of military SF, and mostly responsible for spreading this sub-genre's popularity to young readers of the time.

The start of military SF as a recognized sub-genre might be placed at the publication of Combat SF (ISBN 0-441-11531-4, edited by Gordon Dickson) in 1975. This anthology includes one of the first Hammer's Slammers stories by David Drake as well as one of the BOLO stories by Keith Laumer, and one of the Berserker stories by Fred Saberhagen. This anthology seems to have been the first time SF-stories specifically dealing with war as a subject were collected and marketed as such. Shortly afterwards, the book publication of Jerry Pournelle's The Mercenary (1977, first section published in Analog Science Fiction in 1972) and of Drake's "Slammers" series (1979) established the sub-genre as an active marketing category.

The series of anthologies under the group title There Will be War edited by Pournelle and John F. Carr (nine volumes from 1983 through 1990) helped keep the category active, and encouraged new writers to enter it.

[edit] Viewpoints

While military science fiction, like science fiction in general, is primarily for entertainment purposes, a number of authors have presented stories with political messages of varying types as major or minor themes of their works.

David Drake, not in any way an anti-military author, has often written of the horrors and futility of war. He has said, in the afterwords of several of his "Slammers" books, that one of his reasons for writing is to educate those people who have not experienced war, but who might have to make the decision to start or support a war (as policy makers or as voters) about what war is really like, and what the powers and limits of the military as a tool of policy are.

In more recent books, David Weber's Honor Harrington series, while previously featuring righteous heroes triumphing over despicable villains, now centers on an unnecessary war between two groups of positive characters.

While much military SF is purely entertainment, and caters to a similar audience as historical and modern military novels, some authors manage to work within the genre conventions while posing interesting new questions. An example is Orson Scott Card's Ender's Game, where children are trained from a young age to fight for humanity.

[edit] Examples

Military science fiction is seen in an array of media, including books, movies, TV and anime, and games. Each of the following examples has been considered as military science fiction.

[edit] Books

• Antares Trilogy (Antares Dawn, Antares Passage, Antares Victory) by Michael McCollum^{[citation needed]}
• Armor (1984) by John Steakley,^[1] inspired by Starship Troopers
• Bill, the Galactic Hero, (1965) Harry Harrison's parody of space opera such as the Lensman series, as well as of military SF, which was hardly defined as a genre when this was written
• Bolo series, imagined and begun by Keith Laumer and continued by additional authors.
• Broken Angels (2003) by Richard K. Morgan^[2]
• C.A.D.S. (Computerized Attack/Defense System) series by John Sievert^{[citation needed]}
• Clash by Night (novel) (1943) by Lawrence O'Donnell^{[citation needed]}
• Consider Phlebas (1987) by Iain M. Banks
• The Dark Wing and The Dark Path by Walter H. Hunt
• DMC (Dirigent Military Corps) series by Rick Shelley
• Dread Empire's Fall by Walter Jon Williams
• Dorsai! (1960) and other books of the Childe Cycle by Gordon R. Dickson^[3]
• Downbelow Station by C. J. Cherryh
• Dune series created by Frank Herbert
• Ender's Game by Orson Scott Card^[4]
• The Fleet series created by David Drake^{[citation needed]}
• The Forever War (1975) by Joe Haldeman^[4], which is rather critical of the military, while sympathetic to the plight of individual soldiers
• Galactic Center Saga by Gregory Benford
• Gaunt's Ghosts series by Dan Abnett^[5]
• Hammer's Slammers series by David Drake^[6]
• Honor Harrington series by David Weber^[4]
• Kaleidoscope Century (1996) by John Barnes
• Legacy of the Aldenata series by John Ringo^[4]
• The Lost Fleet series by Jack Campbell^[7][8]
• The Man-Kzin Wars series created by Larry Niven
• Old Man's War (2005)^[9] and The Ghost Brigades (2006) by John Scalzi
• The Outback Stars by Sandra McDonald^[10]
• Phule's Company series by Robert Asprin^{[citation needed]}
• The Seas of Venus by David Drake^{[citation needed]}
• The Serrano Legacy and Vatta's War^[10] series by Elizabeth Moon
• The RCN Series by David Drake^[10]
• Soldier (1954) by Harlan Ellison. Often cited as the basis for the Terminator films.
• StarFist series by David Sherman and Dan Cragg^[4][11]
• Starship Troopers (1958) by Robert A. Heinlein^[4][12]
• Sten by Chris Bunch and Allan Cole
• There Will Be War series by Jerry Pournelle^{[citation needed]}
• The Things We Leave Behind (2001) by Jack Bagley^{[citation needed]}
• Warbots series by G. Harry Stine^{[citation needed]}
• Yamato series (A Rage In Heaven, The Way Of the Warrior) by Ken Kato^{[citation needed]}

[edit] Movies, TV and Anime

• Aliens - Movie
• Babylon 5 - TV series
• Battlestar Galactica - the 2003 reimagined miniseries and 2004 television series
• Crest of the Stars by Hiroyuki Morioka (Anime)
• Exosquad - animated television series
• Gundam - metaseries; is mostly military SF, with some exceptions (Mobile Fighter G-Gundam is a "fighting anime" show and After War Gundam X is post-apocalyptic)
• Jericho (TV series)- US drama series following the aftermath of a nuclear attack from the point of view of Jake Green.
• Legend of the Galactic Heroes by Yoshiki Tanaka - Anime
• Macross - Japanese anime TV series that was used in the creation of Robotech
• Robotech - TV series, Anime, RPG
• Roughnecks: Starship Troopers Chronicles - the CG television series based on the movie and novel
• Space: Above and Beyond - TV series
• Space Battleship Yamato - Anime series, known as Star Blazers in the US
• Starship Operators - Anime
• Stargate Atlantis - TV Series
• Stargate SG-1 - TV Series
• Starship Troopers - the movie adaptation of the novel

[edit] Video Games

• BattleTech universe (also known as the MechWarrior universe), started as a wargame, now is the setting of more than seventy books,
• Command & Conquer series of games features the long spanning conflict between GDI and Nod, two factions fighting for control of Earth. The Red Alert universe features the wars between the Allies and Soviets.
• Doom series of videogames and books about a lone space marine fighting the demons of hell on Mars.
• The FreeSpace series of space-combat videogames.
• Gears of War, follows the story of a group of humans on a planet called Sera trying to survive a war with underground monsters known as the Locust.
• Halo series of videogames and books, chronicling the adventures of the results of a military experiment (Master Chief John-117) as he attempts to save the human race from the overzealous Covenant and the parasitic Flood.
• Homeworld, a series of three-dimensional RTS and space-combat videogames.
• I-War (Independence War), a space combat game detailing a fictional human conflict between Earth military and colonial guerrillas in a realistic fashion. The player is a captain commanding a 162 meter corvette with a full crew.
• Nintendo Wars is a turn based tactical series that takes place in a fictional planet called Wars World.
• Planetside is an MMOFPS which the player can take sides with one of the three empires in the game.
• Quake series where marines battle cybernetic extraterrestrials known as the Strogg.
• StarCraft is a series of strategy video games and novels revolving around an interstellar conflict between three races, Terrans, insectoid Zerg, and psionic Protoss.
• The Star Wars universe has spawned a multitude of military-based games.
• Supreme Commander, the spiritual successor to Chris Taylor's Total Annihilation, centers around the futuristic robotic armies of the United Earth Federation, the Aeon Illuminate, and the Cybran Nation.
• Total Annihilation is a highly unique RTS game involving the survivors of two human armies (one using mass cloning, the other having moved their consciousness to machines) who have been battling so long they have devastated much of the galaxy and no longer even truly remember why they fight. It is one of the few entries of the genre to create a tangible sense of pointless conflict on an epic scale, the protagonists having started the war in trying to preserve their humanity, have gone on to ultimately destroy the last vestiges of it instead.
• Warhammer 40,000 universe, started as a wargame, and spawned many comics and books (Including the mentioned Gaunt's Ghosts series), and more recently, videogames.
• Warzone 2100 is a post-nuclear war science fiction RTS game set on earth, where the noble survivor group of the 'Project' must gradually recover lost technology against several increasingly powerful fascist military survivor groups (although the political nature of the Project is not actually known and may be fascistic in some ways itself).
• Wing Commander universe, started as a game detailing the fictional conflict between humans and a race of cat-like aliens, and spawned several books, sequels/games, a movie, and a cartoon series.
• Mass Effect is a role-playing game where the player takes the role of Commander Shepard in the (Human) Systems Alliance Navy.

[edit] Comic Books

• Rogue Trooper and its sequels
• Bad company
• Team 7, and its offshoots Team one and Team Zero
• Gene Dogs
• Warheads involved both science fiction and fantasy elements.
• Star Rangers
• U.T.F.
• Sgt. Fury and his Howling Commandos often incorporated science fiction elements
• A.B.C. Warriors
• The V.C.s

[edit] References

[edit] See also

• Militainment
• Space warfare in fiction