Military of Bulgaria
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| Bulgarian Army |
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 Coat of Arms of Bulgaria |
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| Service branches | Bulgarian land forces Bulgarian Air Force Bulgarian Navy |
| Headquarters | Part of the Ministry of Defence |
| Leadership | |
| Commander-in-Chief | President of Bulgaria Georgi Purvanov |
| Minister of Defence | Nikolai Tsonev |
| Chief of the General Staff | General Zlatan Stoykov |
| Military age | 18 years of age |
| Available for military service |
1,661,211, age 16-49 (2005 est.) |
| Fit for military service |
1,302,037, age 16-49 (2005 est.) |
| Reaching military age annually |
51,023 (2005 est.) |
| Active personnel | 51,000 (ranked 72) |
| Expenditures | |
| Budget | US dollar $1 billion (2008) |
| Percent of GDP | 2.1% (2008) |
| Industry | |
| Domestic suppliers | TEREM |
The Bulgarian Army (Bulgarian: Българска армия) represents the Armed Forces of the Republic of Bulgaria. Commander-in-Chief is the President of Bulgaria Georgi Parvanov. The Ministry of Defense is in charge of political leadership while military command remains in the hands of the General Staff, headed by the Chief of Staff. Operational elements of the Bulgarian Army include: Bulgarian Land Forces (army), Bulgarian Navy (navy), and the Bulgarian Air Forces (air force).
The patron saint of the Bulgarian Army is St. George, and Valor Day (May 6, also known as St. George's Day) has long been celebrated as Valor and Army Day. It is an official holiday in Bulgaria.
After the country became a NATO member in April 2004, the Bulgarian Ministry of Defense has begun a new downsizing, modernization, and reform program (known as PLAN 2004) that will result in the adoption of a smaller force structure of around 50,000 personnel, based upon a rapid reaction force and two additional corps headquarters, all with subordinate brigades. As of 1 January 2008 the military of Bulgaria is to disband its compulsory military service [1].
Contents |
[edit] History of the Bulgarian Army
Major conflicts in the modern history of Bulgaria:
- Serbo-Bulgarian War 1885, Serbo-Bulgarian War
- Balkan Wars 1912-1913, Balkan Wars
- World War I
- Bulgaria Between World Wars[1]
- With Axis during the Second World War
- With Allies during the Second World War
- As part of the Warsaw Pact
- Current missions in Afghanistan and Iraq.
For information on military conflicts in the more distant past see History of Bulgaria.
[edit] General Staff
The Bulgarian Armed Forces are Headquartered in Sofia, where most of the general staff is based. Currently headed by Chief of Staff General Zlatan Kirilov Stoykov, the General Staff is responsible for operational command of the Bulgarian Army and its 3 major branches. Deputies: Vice Admiral Petar Petrov, General Atanas Zaprianov, General Dimitar Zehtinov.
Chief commanders:
- Land Forces: Major General Ivan Dobrev
- Air Force: Major General Simeon Simeonov
- Naval Forces: Rear admiral Minko Kavaldziev
[edit] Land Forces
The Land Forces are functionally divided into Active and Reserve Forces. Their main functions include deterrence, defense, peace support and crisis management, humanitarian and rescue missions, as well as social functions within Bulgarian society.
The Active Forces mainly have peacekeeping and defensive duties, and are further divided into Deployment Forces, Immediate Reaction, and Main Defense Forces. The Reserve Forces consists of Enhancement Forces, Territorial Defense Forces, and Training Grounds. They deal with planning and reservist preparation, armaments and equipment storage, training of formations for active forces rotation or increase in personnel.
During peacetime the Land Forces maintain permanent combat and mobilization readiness. They become part of multinational military formations in compliance with international treaties Bulgaria is a signatory to, participate in the preparation of the population, the national economy and the maintenance of wartime reserves and the infrastructure of the country for defense.
In times of crisis the Land Forces' main tasks relate to participation in operations countering terrorist activities and defense of strategic facilities (such as nuclear power plants and major industrial facilities), assisting the security forces in proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, illegal armaments traffic and international terrorism.
In case of low- and medium-intensity military conflict the Active Forces that are part of the Land Forces participate in carrying out the initial tasks for the defense of the territorial integrity and sovereignty of the country.
In case of a military conflict of high intensity the Land Forces, together with the Air Force and the Navy, form the defense group of the Bulgarian Army aiming at countering aggression and protection of the territorial integrity and sovereignty of the country.
The Bulgarian Land Forces are scheduled to become fully professional by 1st of January 2008, bringing an end to mandatory military service. The Bulgarian Air Force and Naval Forces are already fully professional.
[edit] National guard unit
The National guard unit of Bulgaria is successor of the personal guards of knyaz Alexander I, founded in 1879. On 12 July the guards escort the Bulgarian knyaz for the first time. That's why 12 July is the official holiday of the National guard unit. Throughout the years the structure of the guards has changed from convoy to squadron, regiment and after 1942 - division. Today it includes military units for army salute and wind orchestra.
In 2001 the National guard unit is approved for official military unit of the bulgarian army and one of the symbols of the state authority along with the flag, the coat of arms and the national anthem.
[edit] Inventory of the Bulgarian armed forces
- MBTs: ~700
- Armored Personnel Carriers: ~830
- IFVs: 173
- Armored cars: ~100
- Anti-tank vehicles: 24
- Towed artillery: 529
- Self-propelled artillery: ~1400
- SAM launchers: ~200
- AA artillery: ~300
[edit] Infantry and anti-tank weapons
- AR-M1 (Bulgarian-made enhanced assault rifle built off AK-74 platform)
- RPG-7
- Dragunov Sniper rifle
- RPD
- hundreds of mortars of various calibre;
- AT-1 Snapper ATGMs (status unknown)
- AT-2 Swatter ATGMs
- AT-3 Sagger ATGMs
- AT-4 Spigot ATGMs (222)
- AT-5 Spandrel ATGMs
- AT-6 Spiral ATGMs
- AT-7 Saxhorn ATGMs
- SA-16/SA-18 MANPADS
- SA-7 Grail MANPADS (locally-built modified version Strela-2M)
[edit] Armored vehicles
- 432 tanks T-72M1/T-72M2[2]
- ~400 tanks T-55 (in storage or used for training; some in active service)
- 60 BRDM-1 and BRDM-2- some in active service
- 24 BRDM-2 Konkurs (dedicated anti-tank vehicle armed with 4x AT-5 Spandrel)
- 93 BMP-23
- 80 BMP-1P
- 230 BTR-60
- 600 MT-LB (Bulgarian-made)
- Mercedes-Benz G-Class armored jeeps (dozens)
- 7 M1117 (6 for the Bulgarian mission in Afganistan and 1 for the brigade in Stara Zagora, more to be delivered)
- TV-62M armored recovery vehicles, made by a modified T-62 tank hull with parts of a T-55 turret.
[edit] Artillery
- 122 mm BM-21 multiple-launch rocket system (221)
- 152 mm D-20 towed guns (190)
- 152 mm 2S3 Akatsiya self-propelled howitzers (some 20 delivered, probably none in service)
- 130 mm M-46 towed guns (73)
- 122 mm M-30 towed howitzers (70)
- 122 mm 2S1 Gvozdika self-propelled howitzers (506)
- 120 mm 2S12 Tundzha self-propelled mortars (247)
- 100 mm SU-100 self-propelled anti-tank guns (68, in storage)
- 100 mm MT-12 anti tank gun//artillery cannon (126)
- 120 mm 2S11 self-propelled guns (359)
[edit] Air defence equipment
- SA-2 Guideline missiles
- SA-3 Goa missiles (approx. 30 missile launch units)
- SA-4 Ganef missiles (non-op, stored)
- SA-5 Gammon missiles (1 battalion)
- SA-6 Gainful missiles (approx. 20 missile launch units)
- SA-8 Gecko self-propelled air defence missile systems (24 missile launch units)
- SA-9 Gaskin self-propelled air defence missile systems (non-op, stored)
- SA-10 Grumble air defence missile systems (2 batteries with each 5 missile launch units)
- SA-13 Gopher self-propelled air defence missile systems (approx. 20 missile launch units)
- various types of AA cannons
[edit] Ballistic missile systems
- SS-21 Scarab-A tactical ballistic missile complex (approx. 18 launchers + at least 36 missiles), 70 km range
[edit] Navy
The navy has been largely overlooked in the reforms that the Bulgarian armed forces had to go through in order to comply with NATO standards, mostly because of the great expense involved and the fact that naval assaults are not considered to be a great concern for the country's security. That is why three of the four combat submarines (excluding the Romeo class sub Slava) are now docked and have been out of operation for some time. Only the more modern frigates, corvettes and missile crafts are on active duty.
In order to meet at least some of the NATO requirements, in 2005 the Bulgarian government bought from Belgium a Wielingen-class frigate, the BNS Wandelaar (F-912) (built in 1977), and after being renamed to the BG Druzki the frigate serves as the flagship of the Bulgarian Navy. In 2006, following a decision of the Bulgarian Parliament, Druzki took part in the United Nations Interim Forces in Lebanon (UNIFIL), patrolling the territorial waters of Lebanon under German command. This was the first time ever the Bulgarian Navy took part in an international peacekeeping operation. The Bulgarian government plans to purchase two more Wielingen-class frigates ([F-910]-Wielingen and [F-911]-Westdiep will be delivered in summer 2008). Also one Tripartite minehunter is on order.
The Bulgarian Navy is centered in two main bases. One is near the city of Varna. The other is Atiya, near the city of Bourgas.
[edit] Naval inventory
- one Tarantul class corvette;
- three Osa class missile boats;
- three Riga class frigates;
- two Pauk class corvettes;
- one Romeo class submarine;
- one Wielingen class frigate;
- P-15 Termit missiles;
- Mi-14 Haze naval helicopters (At this time the Navy's only aircraft comprise 12 Mil Mi-14PL helicopters for anti-submarine patrol, search and rescue, and other naval support tasks located near Varna [2].
[edit] Air Force
In the past decade Bulgaria has been trying actively to restructure its army as a whole and a lot of attention has been placed on keeping the aging Russian aircraft operational. Currently the attack and defence branches of the Bulgarian air force are comprised mainly of MIG-21s, MIG-29s and Su-25s. About 16 MiG-29 fighters are being modernized in order to meet NATO standards. The first aircraft arrived on 11/29/07 and final delivery is due in 03/09. In about 2 years time the government intends to purchase 16 modern jet fighters but due to the lack of funding the procedure of choosing the best alternative could prolong itself. The main competitors are expected to be Eurofighter, Dassault Rafale, JAS 39 Gripen, F-15 and F-18. In 2006 the Bulgarian government signed a contract with Alenia Aeronautica for the delivery of five C-27J Spartan transport aircraft in order to replace the old soviet made An-24 and An-26. The first Spartan is expected to arrive in year 2007 and the remaining four until 2011.
Modern EU-made transport helicopters were purchased in 2005 and until now 7 have arrived. In 2-3 years the Bulgarian Air Force will have 12 Eurocopter Cougar helicopters (8 transport and 4 S&R). Until then the Bulgarian Air force would have to rely on the Mi-8s and Mi-17s. Recently, the Ministry of Defense terminated the contract with Elbit Systems for modernizing 12 Mi-25 and 6 Mi-35 helicopters.
Branches of the airforce include: fighter aviation, assault aviation, intelligence aviation and transportation aviation, aid defense troops, radio-technical troops, communications troops, radio-technical support troops, logistics and medical troops.
[edit] Aircraft inventory
With the exception of the Navy's small helicopter fleet, the Air Forces are responsible for all military aircraft in Bulgaria. The Air Forces' inventory numbers 124 aircraft, including 46 combat jets and 42 helicopters. Aircraft of western origin have only begun to enter the fleet, numbering 13 of the total in service.
| Aircraft | Origin | Type | Versions | In service[2] | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aero L-39ZA Albatros |  Czechoslovakia |
advanced trainer/light attack aircraft | 12 | |||
| Alenia C-27J Spartan |  Italy/ United States |
transport | 1 | 4 more under delivery | ||
| Antonov An-24 Coke |  Soviet Union |
transport | 2 | |||
| Antonov An-26 Curl | Soviet Union |
transport | 3 | |||
| Antonov An-30 Clank | Soviet Union |
aerial survey | 1 | |||
| Bell 206 | United States |
utility helicopter | 6 | |||
| Eurocopter Cougar |  France |
transport helicopter | AS532 | 7 | 5 under delivery, 4 in CSAR configuration | |
| Eurocopter Panther | France |
naval helicopter | AS565 | 6 under delivery for the Naval Aviation Service, to be operated onboard the new multirole corvettes | ||
| Let L-410 Turbolet | Czechoslovakia |
transport | L-410UVP-E | 7 | ||
| Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 Fishbed | Soviet Union |
fighter lead-in trainer |
MiG-21bis MiG-21U |
18 3 |
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| Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-29 Fulcrum | Soviet Union |
fighter lead-in trainer |
MiG-29 MiG-29UB |
16 4 |
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| Mil Mi-14 Haze | Soviet Union |
naval helicopter | Mil Mi-14PL | 12, to be replaced by Eurocopter Cougars | ||
| Mil Mi-17 Hip-H | Soviet Union |
transport helicopter | 18 | |||
| Mil Mi-24 Hind | Soviet Union |
attack helicopter | Mi-25 (export version of Mi-24D) Mi-35 (export version of Mi-24V) |
12 6 |
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| Pilatus PC-9 |  Switzerland |
trainer/light attack | PC-9M | 12 | ||
| Pilatus PC-12 | Switzerland |
utility transport | 1 | |||
| Sukhoi Su-25 Frogfoot | Soviet Union |
close support lead-in trainer |
Su-25 Su-25UB |
28 4 |
[edit] References
- ^ Between World Wars Axis history forum
- ^ a b "World Military Aircraft Inventory", Aerospace Source Book 2007, Aviation Week & Space Technology, January 15, 2007.
[edit] External links
[edit] See also
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