Mildmay Fane, 2nd Earl of Westmorland

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Mildmay Fane, 2nd Earl of Westmorland (24 January 1602 – February 12, 1666), was an English nobleman, politician, and writer.[1]

One of seven sons of Francis Fane by his wife the former Lady Mary Mildmay, daughter of Sir Walter Mildmay, Mildmay Fane was born in Kent and educated at Emmanuel College, Cambridge (matriculated 1618). He became MP for Peterborough in 1620 and for Kent in 1625. He succeeded his father as Earl of Westmorland and Lord le Despenser on 23 March 1629 [all dates new style].

Fane married twice in his lifetime: first, in 1620, to Grace Thornihurst, daughter of Sir William Thornihurst of Kent, with whom he had a son and five daughters; and secondly to Mary, daughter of Horace Lord Vere of Tillsbury, who bore him a son and four daughters. His first son Charles, and his second son Vere, both succeeded to their father's title in turn (since Charles Fane, 3rd Earl left no descendants).

A friend of Robert Herrick, he supported the Royalist party at the outbreak of the English Civil War (King Charles I had stood as godfather to Fane's eldest son in 1635). Following a brief period of imprisonment by Parliament, however, he retired to his estate at Apethorpe in Northamptonshire.

137 poems by Fane appeared in his self-published collection Otia Sacra in 1648 — the first time a peer of England published his own verse. It was only at the end of the twentieth century that a larger body of Fane's verse was identified: some 500 poems by Fane, composed between 1621 and 1665, were published in 2001.[2] The poems survived in manuscript collections preserved at Fulbeck Hall in Lincolnshire, Houghton Library at Harvard University, and the Westmorland papers preserved at the Northamptonshire Record Office.

Fane also wrote masques and stage plays; six of these "politicized entertainments" were performed at Apethorpe during the decade of the 1640s by Fane's children and servants. For his 1641 masque Candia Restaurata, Fane designed sets and stage effects and composed some of the music used in the production. Virtue's Triumph features personifications of Ambition and Impudence, Lies and Deceits; Nobility and Learning are married and the parents of Truth. The protagonist of De Pugna Animi is Lord Mens (Mind), who is assisted by figures like Sir Ratio Prudens in resisting a revolt of the five senses.[3] Fane wrote his play The Change during his imprisonment in the Tower of London early in the Civil War. One of his plays, titled Ladrones, was known in manuscript in the 19th century and reportedly featured Sir Francis Drake, Thomas Cavendish, and Ferdinand Magellan as characters; but the MS. has been lost.[4] Fane's total extant literary output includes over 900 poems in English and Latin, and eight plays or entertainments.

Mildmay Fane's younger brother Sir Francis Fane married Elizabeth West, daughter of William West of Firbeck Hall, Yorkshire, and widow of John, Lord Darcy of the North. Sir Francis Fane achieved some distinction as a writer, publishing poetry as well as three dramatic plays. He was made Knight of the Bath at the Coronation of Charles I, and served as governor of Doncaster Castle during the English civil war. Rachael Fane (1613–80), one of Mildmay Fane's seven sisters and a resident of Apethorpe, also wrote entertainments and a masque that were performed by the household. Her works survive in manuscript.[5]

[edit] Plays and masques

  • Raguaillo d'Oceano (1640)
  • Candia Restaurata ("Candy Restored," 1641)
  • Time's Trick Upon the Cards (1642)
  • The Change (1642)
  • Virtue's Triumph (1644)
  • Don Phoebo's Triumph (1645)
  • De Pugna Animi (1650)
  • Ladrones, or the Robbers' Island (lost)

[edit] External links

[edit] References

  1. ^ Gerald W. Morton, A Biography of Mildmay Fane, Second Earl of Westmorland 1601–66: The Unknown Cavalier, Lewiston/Queenston/Lampeter, Edwin Mellen, 1991.
  2. ^ Tom Cain, ed., The Poems of Mildmay Fane, Second Earl of Westmorland: from the Fulbeck, Harvard, and Westmorland Manuscripts, Manchester, Manchester University Press, 2001.
  3. ^ Dale B. J. Randall, Winter Fruit: English Drama 1642–1660. Lexington, KY, University Press of Kentucky, 1995; pp. 286-8.
  4. ^ Cain, p. 27.
  5. ^ Caroline Bowden, "The Notebooks of Rachael Fane: Education or Authorship?," in: Early Modern Women's Manuscript Writing, edited by Victoria E. Burke and Jonathan Gibson; London, Ashgate, 2004; pp. 157-80.


Parliament of England
Preceded by
Edward Wymarke
Sir William Walter		 Member of Parliament for Peterborough
with Walter FitzWilliam
1620–1623		 Succeeded by
Francis Fane
Laurence Whitacre
Preceded by
Laurence Whitacre
Sir Christopher Hatton		 Member of Parliament for Peterborough
with Laurence Whitacre
1625–1640		 Succeeded by
Lord Burghley
William FitzWilliam
Honorary titles
English Interregnum Lord Lieutenant of Northamptonshire
jointly with The Earl of Exeter
1660–1666		 Succeeded by
The Earl of Exeter
The Earl of Peterborough
Peerage of England
Preceded by
Francis Fane		 Earl of Westmorland
1629–1666		 Succeeded by
Charles Fane