Micromercurialism

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Micromercurialism (pronounced My_cro_mur_kur_e_al_ism) also known as subacute or chronic mercurialism is a syndrome representing a wide spectrum of mental, physical, and emotional disorders attributed to the slow accumulation of the toxic poison mercury in the body.

Contents

[edit] Historical

Micromercurialism is a description coined in the 1920's by Professor Alfred Stock, a German chemist. His findings that chronic exposure to mercury vapour in himself and others caused illness stimulated a wave of scientific interest in Europe, especially Germany and Russia.[1] There are few descriptions in scientific literature of what it feels like to have chronic mercury poisoning. Stock's paper from 1926 [2] gives a good description of an affected individual's mental and emotional state as well as a number of somatic symptoms. Stock notes:

"Intellectual exhaustion and depression, lack of energy and ability for work, especially intellectual work, increased need for sleep ... most severe for a person with intellectual work was the loss of memory ... Especially the ability to calculate, to do mathematical thinking, also to play chess, was severely affected. The depressed ability to remember and the difficulties in calculating seem to be a special sign of insidious mercury vapor poisoning. The intellectual capacity was also in other ways depressed although not as severely as memory. In addition there was psychic depression, a painful inner unrest, with time also causing disturbed sleep. By nature fond of company and full of enjoyment of life, I withdrew in misery into myself, avoided public relations, people and social contacts, lost the love for art and nature. Humor rusted in. Difficulties which I earlier had managed with ease (and today again can manage with ease) appeared insurmountable. The scientific work required considerable efforts. I forced myself into my laboratory but could not produce anything of value despite all efforts. My thoughts were heavy and pedantic. I had to give up participating in matters which were not of immediate importance. The lectures, previously something I liked, became tormenting. The preparation of a lecture, the writing of a paper, even a simple letter, required immense efforts in handling the contents and language. Not seldom it happened that I wrote words wrongly or forgot letters. To be aware of these shortcomings, not to know their cause, to know no way of getting rid of them, to expect further deterioration - that was not nice!"

[edit] Signs and Symptoms

Micromercurialism differs in many respects to the clinical presentation seen in acute mercury poisoning or intoxication. The protean or wide-ranging disease spectrum is understood to be caused by long-term exposure to relatively low levels of mercury. Symptomatology is often subtle and nonspecific as evidenced in Dr. Stock's description above. This generally leads to a failure to test, diagnose and treat properly (see testing below)[3]. There are over 800 journal reviews listed in PubMed dealing with the many adverse health effects of mercury on the human body. Essentially no body organ or system is spared due to the ability of mercury to deactivate many enzyme pathways and protein synthesis. The list of symptoms or disease states that have been associated with, or influenced by, mercury is considerable.(need references here 15/05/08--Drdooley (talk) 05:12, 15 May 2008 (UTC))

Emotions: (ref. 31,208,229)Rage & Anger, Depression, Mood Swings, Panic - Anxiety, Irritability, Joylessness or malaise
Brain: (ref. 30,34-35,68,72) "Brain Fog”, Lack of concentration, “Senior Moments”, Memory Loss, Dementia, Alzheimer’s Disease<(ref.70-71,122- 136,227,)br /> Cardiovascular System:(ref. 179-187) Arrhythmia, Shortness of Breath, Congestive Heart Failure ), Angina and Heart Attack(ref. 41,),Hypertension
Nervous System:(ref. 7-13,66,68,74,122,) Numbness, Tremors, Paresthesias, Dizziness or vertigo,Vision/Hearing Problems, Metallic taste, Multiple Sclerosis or ALS(ref. 188-206), Parkinson's Disease
Immune System: (ref.92-93,98-100,209,214,)Recurring Infections, Autoimmune Diseases, Allergies/Asthma
Skin: Dermatitis, Gum Problems
Gastrointestinal System: Bloating, Yeast overgrowth, colitis
Urinary System: Impared Kidney function and Renal failure(ref. 35,91),
Hormones & Sexuality: Thyroid dysfunction, Poor Libido and erections,Impotency
Reproductive System: (ref. 27,43)Birth Defects, Infertility(ref.173-178), Low I.Q in children(ref. 84-5,), ADHD, Autism (ref. 44,)
General Health: (ref.31, 207-208,212-13,221-26,229)Headaches, Insomnia, Lack of Energy, Chronic Fatigue


[edit] Causes

The World Health Organization has identified mercury vapor from dental amalgam as the primary source of chronic mercury accumulation in humans. (reference 15) Amalgam has been used world-wide as a tooth filling material for 150 years. It consists of about 50% elemental mercury and a mixture of silver, tin, copper, and zinc. Finished amalgam fillings continuously release small amounts of mercury vapor (ref 21,51-55, smoking amalgam video http://www.iaomt.org/videos/)). Amalgam thus significantly contributes to the human mercury burden(ref.3-6,10-24,33,37-40,51-53,91. 217,219,228,230). A large study was carried out at the Univ. Of Tubingen Health Clinic in which the level of mercury in saliva of 20,000 persons with amalgam fillings was measured(reference 16). The level of mercury in unstimulated saliva was found to average 11.6 ug Hg/L, with the average after chewing being 3 times this level. Several were found to have mercury levels over 1100 ug/L, 1% had unstimulated levels over 200 ug/L, and 10% had unstimulated mercury saliva levels of over 100 ug/L.. The level of mercury insaliva has been found to be proportional to the number of amalgam fillings, and generally was higher for those with more fillings, increasing by approximately 1.5 ug/L for each additional amalgam filling(ref. 54,) . Mercury can accumulate in organs, particularly in the brain, because proteins have a greater affinity to it than other heavy metals (e.g. lead, cadmium) do (reference 9-14,16b,. Its half-life in the brain is thought to be from 1 – 18 years (ref. 69). The human fetus and newborn receive and concentrate mercury from the mother with amalgams(ref. 27,43-53). This was proven by Dr. Vimy et al at the University of Calgary by implanting amalgams in the teeth of pregnant sheep and then identifying the mercury load in various organs of the offspring. All organs were involved with the heart and brain having the highest concentration of mercury(ref 22,53)


Recent publications point to the risk that kidney damage(ref. 35,91), neuro-psychological impairment, induction of auto-immune diseases or sensitization(ref. 02), heightened oxidative stress(ref. 37,94-9), autism, skin and connective tissue diseases and non-specific complaints are caused by amalgam exposure. Both Alzheimer’s disease and the development of MS are also thought to be connected to it. Please see dental amalgam controversy(ref. 59,62-65)
[Review: Amalgam risk assessment with coverage of References up to 2005. J. Mutter1, J. Naumann1, H. Wallach1,2, F. Daschner1 Institute for Environmental Medicine and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany E-mail: jmutter@iuk3.ukl.uni-freiburg.de
Mutter J, Naumann J, Walach H, Daschner F. [Amalgam risk assessment with coverage of references up to 2005] Gesundheitswesen. 2005 Mar;67(3):204-16. Review. German. PMID: 15789284 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]



[edit] References

==External links==

Stock, A., "Die Gefährlichkeit des Quecksilberdampfes." Zeitschr. angew. Chem. 39, 1926a, 461-466.

http://www.springerlink.com/content/k1dnh1gkq24qbxpn/ [Ely, JTA et al, Mercury Induced Alzheimer’s Disease: Accelerating Incidence? Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. (2001) 67:800–806]

Stock, A., "Die Gefährlichkeit des Quecksilberdampfes und der Amalgame." Med. Klin. 22, 1926b, 1250-1252.
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