Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower
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| Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower | |
 Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower was the world's tallest building from 1909 to 1913.*
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| Preceded by | Singer Building |
| Surpassed by | Woolworth Building |
| Information | |
|---|---|
| Location | New York City, USA |
| Status | Complete |
| Constructed | 1909 (base: 1893) |
| Height | |
| Roof | 700 feet (213 m) |
| Technical details | |
| Floor count | 50 |
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*Fully habitable, self-supported, from main entrance to highest structural or architectural top; see the list of tallest buildings in the world for other listings. |
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The Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower (also Met Life Tower) at 1 Madison Avenue, New York City, was the world's tallest building from 1909 to 1913, when it was surpassed by the Woolworth Building. As the address suggests, it is located at the southern end of Madison Avenue, directly across the street from Madison Square Park. The tower was designated a National Historic Landmark and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 6, 1978.[1][2] The rest of the office complex was added to the National Register on January 19, 1996.[3]
The tower is a later addition to the original 11-story, full-block office building (the "East Wing") that was completed in 1893. Plans for the tower were first announced in 1905.[4] The Campanile in Venice, Italy served as an inspiration when the building was commissioned by the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company in 1907,[5] and served as world headquarters of the company until 2005. Napoleon LeBrun & Sons designed the 700-foot (213 m) tower with 52 floors, more than twice the height of its old world counterpart, and completed the building by 1909 with help from the Hedden Construction Company. The completion of the Woolworth Building in 1913 ended the Met Life Tower's reign as the tallest building in the world.[6]
There are four clocks, one on each side of the tower. Each clock is 26.5 feet (8 m) in diameter with each number being four feet (1.2 m) tall. The minute hands each weigh half a ton. The original tower was sheathed in Tuckahoe marble, but during the 1964 renovation plain limestone was used to cover the tower and the East Wing, replacing the old Renaissance revival details with a streamlined, modern look. Much of the building's original ornamentation was removed.
A three-year exterior restoration project, which saw much of the building covered in scaffolding, ended in 2002 and added a new, computerized, multicolored nighttime lighting system, much like that of the Empire State Building; the colors change to denote particular holidays or important events. The gilded cupola at the very top of the building serves as an "eternal light" which stays illuminated even after the rest of the lighting system has been turned off for the night. (The building itself figured prominently in the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company's advertising for many years, illustrated with a light beaming from the top of its spire and the slogan, "The Light That Never Fails".)
In March 2005, SL Green Realty Trust bought the tower in anticipation of converting it into apartments. In May 2007, the tower was subsequently sold, along with adjacent air rights, to Africa Israel Investments for $200 million.[7] It is speculated that the tower will be converted into either residential apartments or a high-end hotel.
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[edit] North Building (11 Madison Avenue)
By the late 1920s, the 1909 Met Life Tower and the 1919 North Annex were becoming too small to house the continuously growing activities of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company. Looking to expand, the company considered building on a full block site between East 24th and East 25th Streets.
Ecole des Beaux Arts-educated architect Harvey Wiley Corbett left his position on the Rockefeller Center design team in order to take up this project in 1928. The final design for the new building was proposed as a 100-story, telescoping tower.[8] However, the onset of the Great Depression in 1929 caused the company to scrap plans for a giant skyscraper and instead built only a portion of the proposed tower. What stands of the North Building today is what was to be the 32-story base for the 100-story tower, built with the structural strength and number of elevator shafts needed for a later completion. There have been proposals to add floors to this 32-floor base and to "complete" the tower. The Israeli real estate company ElAd Properties has applied for permits to add 75 floors to the annex. If completed as proposed, the building would be 899 feet (274 m) tall, making it the tallest residential building in New York City.[9]
The primary tenant of the North Building today is the investment banking arm of Credit Suisse.
[edit] References
- ^ Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Building. National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service (2007-09-15).
- ^ George R. Adams (January 24, 1977), National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Metropolitan Life Insurance TowerPDF (1.14 MiB), National Park Service and Accompanying 6 photos, exterior and interior, from 1950-1976PDF (787 KiB)
- ^ National Register Information System. National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service (2007-01-23).
- ^ " AT 500-FOOT TOWER TO REPLACE CHURCH; Metropolitan Life's Plans for a New Structure. PARKHURST'S CHURCH THERE The Company Will Raze It and Erect There One of the Tallest Buildings In the World.", The New York Times, June 21, 1905. p. 14
- ^ "Before This Seven-Day Wonder in Construction Is Completed It Will Be Overtopped by the Tall Tower of the Metropolitan Life.; A Reminder of Venice. How the Tower is Built. The Struggle with the Wind. Differs from Other Skyscrapers. An Extraordinary View." The New York Times, December 29, 1907. p. SM5
- ^ "Met Life Tower Named A New York Landmark", The New York Times, June 14, 1989. p. B4
- ^ "Clock Tower at Five Madison Goes for $200 M", New York Observer, May 15, 2007.
- ^ "MADISON SQ. TOWER TO RISE 100 STORIES; Metropolitan Life Will Erect the Tallest Office Structure for Own Use on Whole Block. UNUSUAL DESIGN IS DRAWN Accommodation for 30,000 Workers --Moving Stairs Planned for the First Thirteen Floors. Will Occupy Entire Block. Light Value Stressed. MADISON SQ. TOWER TO RISE 100 STORIES", The New York Times, November 3, 1929. p. N1
- ^ "Israeli firm plans Manhattan's highest residence", Reuters, September 20, 2007. Accessed September 22, 2007.
[edit] Images
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[edit] External links
- Statement of Significance as a National Historic Landmark
- Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower – Profile at emporis.com
- nycfoto.com – Photos of Metlife Tower
- Google Maps – Satellite Photo
- nyc-architecture.com – Photos of the North Building
| Records | ||
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| Preceded by Singer Building |
Tallest building in the world 1909 – 1913 |
Succeeded by Woolworth Building |
| Tallest building in the United States 1909 – 1913 |
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| Tallest building in New York City 1909 – 1913 |
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