Melanocortin 4 receptor

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Identifiers

MC4R; MGC126851; MGC138197

External IDs

OMIM: 155541 MGI: 99457 HomoloGene: 4320

Gene ontology
Molecular Function:	• rhodopsin-like receptor activity • receptor activity • melanocortin receptor activity • protein binding
Cellular Component:	• plasma membrane • integral to membrane
Biological Process:	• signal transduction • G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway • G-protein signaling, coupled to cAMP nucleotide second messenger • feeding behavior • regulation of metabolic process • positive regulation of bone resorption

RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data

Orthologs

Human

Mouse

Refseq

NM_005912 (mRNA)
NP_005903 (protein)

NM_016977 (mRNA)
NP_058673 (protein)

Location

Chr 18: 56.19 - 56.19 Mb

Chr 18: 66.98 - 66.99 Mb

Pubmed search

[1]

[2]

Melanocortin 4 receptor, also known as MC4R, is a human gene.^[1]

[edit] See also

Melanocortin receptor

[edit] References

^ Entrez Gene: MC4R melanocortin 4 receptor.

[edit] Further reading

Mountjoy KG, Mortrud MT, Low MJ, et al. (1995). "Localization of the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4-R) in neuroendocrine and autonomic control circuits in the brain.". Mol. Endocrinol. 8 (10): 1298–308. PMID 7854347.
Magenis RE, Smith L, Nadeau JH, et al. (1994). "Mapping of the ACTH, MSH, and neural (MC3 and MC4) melanocortin receptors in the mouse and human.". Mamm. Genome 5 (8): 503–8. PMID 7949735.
Gantz I, Miwa H, Konda Y, et al. (1993). "Molecular cloning, expression, and gene localization of a fourth melanocortin receptor.". J. Biol. Chem. 268 (20): 15174–9. PMID 8392067.
Alvaro JD, Tatro JB, Quillan JM, et al. (1996). "Morphine down-regulates melanocortin-4 receptor expression in brain regions that mediate opiate addiction.". Mol. Pharmacol. 50 (3): 583–91. PMID 8794897.
Yang YK, Ollmann MM, Wilson BD, et al. (1997). "Effects of recombinant agouti-signaling protein on melanocortin action.". Mol. Endocrinol. 11 (3): 274–80. PMID 9058374.
Chagnon YC, Chen WJ, Pérusse L, et al. (1998). "Linkage and association studies between the melanocortin receptors 4 and 5 genes and obesity-related phenotypes in the Québec Family Study.". Mol. Med. 3 (10): 663–73. PMID 9392003.
Sundaramurthy D, Campbell DA, Leek JP, et al. (1998). "Assignment of the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) gene to human chromosome band 18q22 by in situ hybridisation and radiation hybrid mapping.". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 82 (1-2): 97–8. PMID 9763669.
Yeo GS, Farooqi IS, Aminian S, et al. (1998). "A frameshift mutation in MC4R associated with dominantly inherited human obesity.". Nat. Genet. 20 (2): 111–2. doi:10.1038/2404. PMID 9771698.
Vaisse C, Clement K, Guy-Grand B, Froguel P (1998). "A frameshift mutation in human MC4R is associated with a dominant form of obesity.". Nat. Genet. 20 (2): 113–4. doi:10.1038/2407. PMID 9771699.
Hinney A, Schmidt A, Nottebom K, et al. (1999). "Several mutations in the melanocortin-4 receptor gene including a nonsense and a frameshift mutation associated with dominantly inherited obesity in humans.". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84 (4): 1483–6. PMID 10199800.
Yang YK, Dickinson CJ, Zeng Q, et al. (1999). "Contribution of melanocortin receptor exoloops to Agouti-related protein binding.". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (20): 14100–6. PMID 10318826.
Ho G, MacKenzie RG (2000). "Functional characterization of mutations in melanocortin-4 receptor associated with human obesity.". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (50): 35816–22. PMID 10585465.
Yang YK, Fong TM, Dickinson CJ, et al. (2001). "Molecular determinants of ligand binding to the human melanocortin-4 receptor.". Biochemistry 39 (48): 14900–11. PMID 11101306.
Mergen M, Mergen H, Ozata M, et al. (2001). "A novel melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) gene mutation associated with morbid obesity.". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 86 (7): 3448. PMID 11443223.
McNulty JC, Thompson DA, Bolin KA, et al. (2002). "High-resolution NMR structure of the chemically-synthesized melanocortin receptor binding domain AGRP(87-132) of the agouti-related protein.". Biochemistry 40 (51): 15520–7. PMID 11747427.
Brocke KS, Neu-Yilik G, Gehring NH, et al. (2002). "The human intronless melanocortin 4-receptor gene is NMD insensitive.". Hum. Mol. Genet. 11 (3): 331–5. PMID 11823452.
Yang Y, Chen M, Lai Y, et al. (2002). "Molecular determinants of human melanocortin-4 receptor responsible for antagonist SHU9119 selective activity.". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (23): 20328–35. doi:10.1074/jbc.M201343200. PMID 11912210.
Hansen MJ, Morris MJ (2002). "Evidence for an interaction between neuropeptide Y and the melanocortin-4 receptor on feeding in the rat.". Neuropharmacology 42 (6): 792–7. PMID 12015205.
Miraglia Del Giudice E, Cirillo G, Nigro V, et al. (2002). "Low frequency of melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) mutations in a Mediterranean population with early-onset obesity.". Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 26 (5): 647–51. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801983. PMID 12032748.
Kim CS, Lee SH, Kim RY, et al. (2002). "Identification of domains directing specificity of coupling to G-proteins for the melanocortin MC3 and MC4 receptors.". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (35): 31310–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M112085200. PMID 12045190.

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

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v • d • e Transmembrane receptor: G protein-coupled receptors

Class A: Rhodopsin like	Acetylcholine (M1, M2, M3, M4, M5) - Adrenergic (α1 (A, B, D), α2 (A, B, C), β1, β2, β3) - Adrenomedullin - Anaphylatoxin (C3a, C5a) - Angiotensin (1, 2) - Apelin - Bile acid - Bombesin (BRS3, GRPR, NMBR) - Bradykinin (B1, B2) - Cannabinoid (CB1, CB2) - Chemokine - Cholecystokinin (A, B) - Dopamine (D1, D2, D3, D4, D5) - Eicosanoid (CysLT (1, 2), LTB4 (1, 2), FPRL1, OXE, Prostaglandin ((DP (1, 2), EP (1, 2, 3, 4), PGF, Prostacyclin, Thromboxane) - EBI2 - Endothelin (A, B) - Estrogen - Formyl peptide (1, L1, L2) - Free fatty acid (1, 2, 3, 4) - FSH - Galanin (1, 2, 3) - Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (1, 2) - GPR (1, 3, 4, 6, 12, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 37, 39, 42, 44, 45, 50, 52, 55, 61, 62, 63, 65, 68, 75, 77, 78, 79, 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 88, 92, 101, 103, 119, 120, 132, 135, 139, 141, 142, 146, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 160, 161, 162, 171, 172, 173, 174, 176, 177, 182) - Ghrelin - Histamine (H1, H2, H3, H4) - Kisspeptin - Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin - Lysophospholipid (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) - MAS (1, 1L, D, E, F, G, X1, X2, X3, X4) - Melanocortin (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) - MCHR (1, 2) - Melatonin (1A, 1B)- Motilin - neuromedin (B, U (1, 2)) - Neuropeptide (B/W (1, 2), FF (1, 2), S, Y (1, 2, 4, 5)) - Neurotensin (1, 2) - Opioid (Delta, Kappa, Mu, Nociceptin, but not Sigma) - Olfactory - Opsin (3, 4, 5, 1LW, 1MW, 1SW, RGR, RRH) - Orexin (1, 2) - Oxytocin - Oxoglutarate - PAF - Prokineticin (1, 2) - Prolactin-releasing peptide - Protease-activated (1, 2, 3, 4) - Purinergics (Adenosine (A1, A2a, A2b, A3), P2Y, (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14)) - Relaxin (1, 2, 3, 4) - Somatostatin (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) - Serotonin, all but 5-HT3 (5-HT1 (A, B, D, E, F), 5-HT2 (A, B, C), 5-HT (4, 5A, 6, 7)) - SREB - Succinate - TAAR (1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9) - Tachykinin (1, 2, 3) - Thyrotropin - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone - Urotensin-II - Vasopressin (1A, 1B, 2)

Class B: Secretin like	Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor (1, 2, 3) - Cadherin (1, 2, 3) - Calcitonin - CD97 - Corticotropin-releasing hormone (1, 2) - EMR (1, 2, 3) - Glucagon (GR, GIPR, GLP1R, GLP2R) - Growth hormone releasing hormone - PACAPR1- GPR (56, 64, 97, 98, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 123, 124, 125, 126, 128, 133, 143, 144, 157) - Latrophilin (1, 2, 3, ELTD1) - Parathyroid hormone (1, 2) - Secretin - Vasoactive intestinal peptide (1, 2)

Class C: Metabotropic glutamate / pheromone	Calcium-sensing receptor - GABA B (1, 2) - Glutamate receptor (Metabotropic glutamate (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)) - GPRC6A - GPR (156, 158, 179) - RAIG (1, 2, 3, 4) - Taste receptors (TAS1R (1, 2, 3) TAS2R (1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16, 38, 39, 40, 41, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50))

Frizzled / Smoothened	Frizzled (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) - Smoothened