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In 2005 Afghanistan had an estimated 45 FM radio stations and about 10 television stations.[1] Radio is the most widespread source of information.[1] In 2003 an estimated 37 percent of Afghan citizens, mainly in urban centers, had access to a local radio station.[1] A government-run national television station and seven radio stations were located in Kabul, and nine provinces had regional television stations.[1] Most of the electronic news media are government-owned. In the early 2000s, state-owned Radio Television Afghanistan was the most powerful broadcast outlet.[1] Four cable stations appeared after the overthrow of the Taliban, carrying Indian and U.S. programs.[1] However, in 2003 the Supreme Court banned cable television on moral grounds.[1] In the early 2000s, international nongovernmental organizations supported establishment of more than a dozen new radio stations.[1] Some government officials have used their positions to maintain their own communications facilities.[1] The circulation of independent print publications has been confined to the Kabul region.[1] The 2004 media law requires registration of periodicals with the Ministry of Information and Culture; in 2005 some 250 periodicals were registered.[1] The principal daily newspapers are the state-owned Anis, Arman-e Melli, Eslah, and Kabul Times and the privately owned Eradeh, Hewad, Ittefaq-e Islam, and Shari’at.[1] Because of financial difficulties, all independent print media are dependent on the government or another faction.[1]
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