May Queen

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The May Queen or Queen of May is a term which has two distinct but related meanings, as a mythical figure and as a holiday personification.

May Altar in Ireland, - Religious imagery of Mary as Queen of May, work of artist Clare O Hagan

1 Mythology
2 Festivals
3 An Elizabethan account
4 Maintaining the tradition
5 Cultural references to the May Queen
6 See also
7 References

[edit] Mythology

The May Queen is also known as The Maiden, Fertility goddess or the goddess of the spring (season), flower bride, Queen of the Elves, and the lady of the flowers.^{[citation needed]}

The May Queen is a symbol of the stillness of nature around which everything revolves. She embodies purity, strength and the potential for growth, as the plants grow in May. She is one of many personifications of the energy of the earth, fertility and feminity.^{[citation needed]}

She was once also known as Maid Marian in the medieval plays of Robin Hood and of the May Games - she is the young village girl, crowned with blossom, attended by children with garlands and white dresses. Some folklorists have drawn parallels between her and Maia, the Roman Goddess of Springtime, of Growth and Increase whose very name may be the root of "May".^{[citation needed]}

[edit] Festivals

A May Queen of New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada circa 1877.

The May Queen is a girl (usually a teenage girl from a specific school year) who is selected to ride or walk at the front of a parade for May Day celebrations. She wears a white gown to symbolise purity and usually a tiara or crown. Her duty is to begin the May Day celebrations. She is generally crowned by flowers and makes a speech before the dancing begins. Certain age groups dance round a Maypole celebrating youth and the spring time.

According to popular British folklore, the tradition once had a sinister twist, in that the May Queen was put to death once the festivities were over. The veracity of this belief is difficult to establish, but while in truth it might just be an example of anti-pagan propaganda, frequent associations between May Day rituals, the occult and human sacrifice are still to be found in popular culture today. The Wicker Man, a cult horror film starring Christopher Lee, is a prominent example of this.

[edit] An Elizabethan account

In 1557, a diarist called Henry Machyn wrote:

"The xxx day of May was a goly May-gam in Fanch-chyrchestrett with drumes and gunes and pykes, and ix wordes dyd ryd; and thay had speches evere man, and the morris dansse and the sauden, and an elevant with the castyll, and the sauden and yonge morens with targattes and darttes, and the lord and the lade of the Maye".

Translation: On the 30th May was a jolly May-game in Fenchurch Street (London) with drums and guns and pikes, The Nine Worthies did ride; and they all had speeches, and the morris dance and sultan and an elephant with a castle (saddle in the shape of a castle) and the sultan and young moors with shields and arrows, and the lord and lady of the May".^[1]

[edit] Maintaining the tradition

A recent May Queen of Brentham, England, Eleanor Teasdale, on her throne.

Many areas keep this tradition alive today. The oldest unbroken tradition is found in Hayfield, Derbyshire [1] based on a much older May Fair. Another notable event includes the one in the Brentham Garden Suburb, England which hosts it annually. It has the second oldest unbroken tradition although the May Queen of All London Festival at Hayes Common in Bromley is a close contender. A May queen is selected from a group of 13 upward girls by the young dancers. She returns the next year to crown the new May Queen and stays in the procession.

A May Day celebration held annually in New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada has the distinction of being the longest running May Day celebration of its kind in the British Commonwealth. This May Day celebration began in 1870 and is approaching one hundred and forty years of age. Archival film footage of New Westminster's May Day celebrations from 1932-1962 can be seen online at Quest for the Queens.

[edit] Cultural references to the May Queen

"The May Queen" is an early poem by Alfred, Lord Tennyson. (It is quoted in a scene in the 1938 movie The Dawn Patrol.)
A May Queen is mentioned in the Led Zeppelin song "Stairway to Heaven".
May Queen is the name of a ketch-rigged trading vessel built in 1867 at Franklin, Tasmania. She had a 106-year working life and is the oldest boat of her type afloat in the world. She is on the International Register of Significant Ships.
"May Queen" is the title of a song on singer-songwriter Liz Phair's second album Whip-Smart.
"May Queen" is the title of a song by Inkubus Sukkubus.
"The May Queen" is the title of an anthology of women's writings about being in their thirties edited by Andrea N. Richesin (Tarcher/2006).
"May Queen" is the name of a poem by occultist Aleister Crowley.
In the Buffy the Vampire Slayer episode, "Out of Mind, Out of Sight", Cordelia Chase becomes May Queen.
A May Queen is mentioned in the Decemberists song "Angel, Won't You Call Me?"
Benjamin Britten's chamber opera Albert Herring concerns the unsuccessful search for a suitable May Queen, culminating in the selection of a May King instead.