User:Maxcrc/Europe

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The following table lists records of extreme temperature in territories of Europe.


Country Lowest Temperature Highest Temperature
T°C Place Date T°C Place Date
Europe -58.1 Ust'Schugor Flag of Russia Russia 31 December 1978 48.5 Catenanuova Flag of Italy Italy 10 August 1999
Flag of Albania Albania -25.8 Sheqeras [1] 27 January 1963 43.9 Kucova [2] 18 July 1973
Flag of Andorra Andorra -32.0 Pass de la Casa 2 February 1956 38.5 Andorra La Vella 16 July 2005
Flag of Austria Austria -37.4 Sonnblick [3] 1 January 1905 39.7 Dellach im Drautal Kärnten (Carinthia) state [4] 27 July 1983
Azores (Port.) 0.3 Cerrado dos Bezerros São Miguel island [5] 31.1 Horta and Santa Cruz das Flores [6]
Flag of Belarus Belarus -42.2 Talachyn Vitsyebsk province [7] 17 January 1940 38.0 Vasilyevichy Homiel province [8] 20 August 1946
Flag of Belgium Belgium -30.1 Rochefort [9] 20 January 1940 38.7 Haacht [9] 27 June 1947
Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina -43.5 Veliko Polje [10] 24 January 1963 43.1 Mostar [11] 24 August 2007
Flag of Bulgaria Bulgaria -38.3 Trŭn Pernik province [12] 7 January 1947 45.2 Sadovo Plovdiv province [12] 5 August 1916
Flag of Croatia Croatia -36.0 Gospić [13] 4 February 1929 42.8 Ploce [14] 5 August 1981
Flag of the Czech Republic Czech Republic -42.2 Litvínovice [15] 11 February 1929 40.2 Praha-Uhříněves [15] 27 July 1983
Flag of Denmark Denmark -31.2 Hørsted Thy district [16] 8 January 1982 36.4 Holstebro [16] 10 August 1975
Flag of Estonia Estonia -43.5 Jõgeva [17] 17 January 1940 35.6 Võru [17] 11 August 1992
Flag of the Faroe Islands Faroe Islands (Den) -13.5 Tórshavn [18] 14 January 1918 26.3 Vágar Floghavn [19] 17 July 2003
Flag of Finland Finland -51.5 Pokka Kittilä municipality, Lappi region (Lapland) [20] 28 January 1999 35.9 Turku Varsinais-Suomi (Finland-Proper) region [20] 9 July 1914
Flag of France France -41.0 Mouthe Doubs department [21] 17 January 1985 44.1 Conqueyrac and Saint-Christol-les-Alès Gard department [22] 12 August 2003
Flag of Germany Germany -37.8 Hüll near Pfaffenhofen an der Ilm Niederbayern (Lower Bavaria) state [23][24] 12 February 1929 40.3 Perl-Nennig Saarland state [25] 8 August 2003
Flag of Gibraltar Gibraltar (UK) -2.9 Gibraltar 3 February 1907 40.6 Gibraltar [26] 5 July 1994
Flag of Greece Greece -27.8 Ptolemaïda January 1963 48.0 Elevsís (Elefsina) and Tatoi [27] 10 July 1977
Flag of Guernsey Guernsey (UK) -8.4 St Peter Port [28]. January 1894 34.3 Guernsey Airport [29] 9 August 2003
Flag of Hungary Hungary -35.0 Miskolctapolca [30] 16 February 1940 41.9 Kiskunhalas 20 July 2007
Flag of Iceland Iceland -37.9 Grímsstaðir and Möðrudalur [31] 22 January 1918 30.5 Teigarhorn [31] 22 June 1939
Flag of Ireland Ireland -19.1 Markree Castle, Collooney County Sligo [32] 16 January 1881 33.3 Kilkenny Castle County Kilkenny [32] 26 June 1887
Flag of the Isle of Man Isle of Man (UK) -11.7 Douglas [33] 9 February 1895 and 12 February 1895 28.9 Ronaldsway Airport [33] 12 July 1983
Flag of Italy Italy -42.0 Gran Gioves [34] 30 January 1963 48.5 Catenanuova Sicilia (Sicily) region [35] 10 August 1999
Flag of Jersey Jersey (UK) -11.0 Saint Aubin [36] January 1891 36.0 St Helier 9 August 2003
Flag of Kosovo Kosovo (Serbia) -32.5 Gnjilane (Gjilani) Gnjilane (Gjilani) municipality [37] 25 January 1963 42.0 Prizren [38] 24 July 2007
Flag of Latvia Latvia -43.1 Daugavpils 8 February 1956 36.4 Daugavpils 4 August 1943
Flag of Liechtenstein Liechtenstein -26.0 Vaduz 36.0 Vaduz [39] 13 August 2003
Flag of Lithuania Lithuania -42.9 Utena [40] 1 February 1956 37.5 Zarasai [40] 30 July 1994
Flag of Luxembourg Luxembourg -24.3 Clémency and Wiltz [41] 5 February 1917 37.9 Luxembourg [42] 8 August 2003 and 12 August 2003
Flag of the Republic of Macedonia Macedonia -31.5 Berovo [43] 27 January 1954 45.7 Demir Kapija 24 July 2007
Flag of Malta Malta 1.2 Valletta [44] 19 February 1895 43.8 Luqa [45] 9 August 1999
Flag of Moldova Moldova -35.5 Brătuşeni Edineţ district [46] 20 January 1963 41.9 Slobodzya [47] 21 July 2007
Flag of Monaco Monaco -3.0 Monaco [48] 6 March 1971 34.0 Monte Carlo [41] 29 June 1945 and 3 August 1949
Flag of Montenegro Montenegro -32.0 Rožaje 13 January 1985 44.8 Podgorica 24 August 2007
Flag of the Netherlands Netherlands -27.4 Winterswijk [49] 27 January 1942 38.6 Warnsveld [49] 23 August 1944
Flag of Norway Norway -51.4 Karasjok (Kárášjohka) Finnmark county [50] 1 January 1886 35.6 Nesbyen Buskerud county [50] 20 June 1970
Flag of Poland Poland -41.0 Siedlce Siedlce province [51] 11 January 1940 40.2 Prószków Opole province [51] 29 July 1921
Flag of Portugal Portugal -16.0 Miranda do Douro [52] 16 January 1945 47.3 Amareleja [53] 1 August 2003
Penhas da Saúde [52] 5 February 1956
Flag of Romania Romania -38.5 Bod Braşov county [54] 24 January 1942 44.5 Ion Sion Brăila county [54] 10 August 1951
Flag of Russia Russia (European) -58.1 Ust'Schugor Respublika Komi (Komi Republic) [55] 31 December 1978 42.9 Ėlista Respublika Kalmykiya (Republic of Kalmykia) [8][56] 7 August 1940
Flag of San Marino San Marino -12.9 San Marino [57] 13 February 1956 39.9 San Marino [58] 29 July 1983
Flag of Serbia Serbia -39.0 Karajukića Bunari Sjenica municipality [59] 26 January 2006 44.9 Smederevska Palanka 24 July 2007
Flag of Slovakia Slovakia -41.0 Vígl’aš-Pstruša Banská Bystrica region [60] 11 February 1929 40.3 Hurbanovo 20 July 2007
Flag of Slovenia Slovenia -34.5 Babno Polje [61][62] 15 and 16 February 1956 and 13 January 1968 40.6 Črnomelj [63] 5 July 1950
Flag of Spain Spain -32.0 Estany Gento Lleida province [64][65] 2 February 1956 47.8 Murcia Instituto Murcia province [66][67] 29 July 1876
Flag of Norway Svalbard and Jan Mayen (Nor.) -49.4 Grønfjorden Spitsbergen [68] 28 March 1917 23.6 Bjørnøya (Bear Island) [69] 22 June 1953
Flag of Sweden Sweden -52.6 Vuoggatjålme Norrbotten county [70][71] 2 February 1966 38.0 Ultuna Uppsala county [70] 9 July 1933
Målilla Kalmar county [70] 29 June 1947
Flag of Switzerland Switzerland -41.8 La Brévine Neuchâtel canton [72][73] 12 January 1987 39.3 Roveredo Graubünden canton [74][75] 11 August 2003
Flag of Ukraine Ukraine -41.9 Luhans’k (Lugansk) [76] 8 January 1935 41.2 Pavlohrad [77] August 1930
Flag of the United Kingdom United Kingdom -27.2 Braemar Aberdeenshire, Scotland [78][79] 11 February 1895 and 10 January 1982 38.5 Brogdale (near Faversham) Kent [78][80] 10 August 2003
Flag of the Vatican City Vatican City -8.2 Collegio Romano, Roma, Italy (nearest station) [81] 21 February 1845 42.0 Collegio Romano, Roma, Italy (nearest station) [82] 27 July 1841

[edit] Footnotes

  1. ^ http://www.pops.int/documents/implementation/nips/submissions/Albania.pdf
  2. ^ Albania Institute of Meteorology. A reading of 45.3C claimed in 1939 at Lezhe was surely affected by strong overirradiation.
  3. ^ -52.6°C was recorded in a sinkhole (or doline) at Grünloch, Gstettner Alm near Lunz Niederösterreich (Lower Austria) state between 19 February and 4 March 1932.Lowest temperature recorded in an inhabited place is -36.6C recorded at Swettl on February 11th,1929.
  4. ^ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named AUT
  5. ^ Ilha de São Miguel Normais Climatológicas, Clima e Meteorologia dos Arquipélagos Atlánticos. Retrieved 15 May 2007.
  6. ^ There is a suspcious record of 32.2C in Santa Maria island, which is probably a wrong data.
  7. ^ климатическая характеристика января месяца, Pogoda.by. Retrieved 26 January 2007.
  8. ^ a b Air temperature and precipitation daily data, Meteo.ru. Retrieved 26 January 2007.
  9. ^ a b Records, Koninklijk Meteorologisch Instituut van België. Retrieved 26 January 2007.
  10. ^ Temperature i Padavine, Bosna i Hercegovina Federalni zavod za statistiku. Retrieved 28 January 2007. This site is located in a sinkhole. Lowest temperature recorded in an inhabited place is -33.8C recorded at Sokolac on January 27th,1954.
  11. ^ 46.2°C was reported from Mostar on 31 July 1901 but this appears unreliable.
  12. ^ a b Любопитни Факти 3a BpEMeTo, Smile Fun. Retrieved 21 November 2006
  13. ^ 04.02.2007. - Danas Prije 78 Godina Najniža Izmjerena Temperatura u Hrvatskoj, CroMeteo Forum. Retrieved 18 February 2007. Note: this reading is contested and possible taken under not proper exposure conditions. Lowest official recorded temperature in Croatia is -29C at Varazdin.
  14. ^ Climate Monitoring and Assessment For 2004, Državni Hidrometeorološki Zavod (DHMZ). Retrieved 15 February 2007.
  15. ^ a b Czech Republic. Portraits of Regions, Ministry for Regional Development of the Czech Republic. Retrieved 15 February 2007.
  16. ^ a b Danmark, Færøernes og Grønlands Klima, Danmarks Meteorologiske Institut. Retrieved 17 February 2007.
  17. ^ a b Location and natural conditions, Nature Estonica. Retrieved 23 February 2007.
  18. ^ Meteo Denmark
  19. ^ The Climate of Denmark 2003 with The Faroe Islands and Greenland, Danish Meteorological Institute. Retrieved 17 February 2007.
  20. ^ a b Suomen ja maapallon sääennätyksiä, Imatieteen Laitos (Finnish Meteorological Institute). Retrieved 28 February 2007
  21. ^ La température et l'humidité relative, Météolaflèche. Retrieved 9 March 2007.This temperature is questioned and not fully accepted in France, because it was not taken in the official station of the town. A temperature of -43C was recorded on the summit of Mount Blanc in January 1893.
  22. ^ Temps du Mois, Août 2003, Gard, MeteoFrance. Retrieved 9 March 2007.
  23. ^ Wetterrekorde – Lufttemperatur, Deutscher Wetterdienst. Retrieved 25 February 2007.
  24. ^ -45.9°C was recorded in aat Funtensee Oberbayern (Upper Bavaria) state on 24 December 2001.
  25. ^ This record is not officially recognised. 40.2°C has been recorded 4 times: at Garmersdorf bei Amberg (Niederbayern (Lower Bavaria) state on 8 August 2003; at Karlsruhe Baden-Württemberg state on 9 August and 13 August 2003; and at Freiburg im Breisgau, Baden-Württemberg state on 13 August 2003.
  26. ^ Historical Weather: Gibraltar, Gibraltar, El Tiempo. Retrieved 31 March 2007.
  27. ^ Το θερμόμετρο τραβάει την ανηφόρα, Το ΒΗΜΑ Online. Retrieved 31 March 2007. The 48.7C claimed as highest peak reached in Tatoi on July 10th ,1977, after an extensive checking, has resulted to be a fake data.
  28. ^ Annales du Bureau Central Météorologique de France, Année 1904, I, Mémoires, Ministère de l’Instruction Publique, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 6 June 2007.
  29. ^ August 2003 - Hot spell, UK Meteorological Office. Retrieved 31 March 2007.
  30. ^ Hőmérsékleti rekordok Magyarországon, Snowhunter oldala. Retrieved 31 March 2007.
  31. ^ a b Nokkur íslensk veðurmet, Veðurstofa Íslands. Retrieved 25 March 2007
  32. ^ a b Temperature in Ireland, Met Éireann. Retrieved 25 March 2007.
  33. ^ a b Meaden, G.T. and J.D.C. Webb (1984). Britain’s Highest Authentic Temperatures: The County Records. Journal of Meteorology, 9, 82-84.
  34. ^ This reading was recorded at high elevation of 4050m a.s.l. in the Mount Blanc range. -46C were claimed at Mottlino Hill,-45C at Foscagno Pass and -43C at Livigno in February 1956, but these readings were probably taken with simple thermometer placed too close to the frosted and snowy ground. -38C was the official lowest temperature at Livigno in that month. -40C was recorded at the village of Fusine Valromana,Friuli Venezia Julia region, in December 1879.
  35. ^ Valori medi e estremi della temperature, Anno 1999, Agenzia Regionale per i Rifiuti e le Acque - Osservatorio delle Acque. Retrieved 5 March 2007.
  36. ^ A temperature of -11.7C was claimed in Jersey island in January 1987, nevertheless in none of the official archives it appears.
  37. ^ Meteorološki Godišnjak, Godina 1963, Hidrometeorološka Služba, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 11 January 2008.
  38. ^ Heat wave wreaks havoc across Southeast Europe, Southeast European Times. Retrieved 13 January 2008.
  39. ^ Weather Archive for Liechtenstein, Russia’s Weather Server – Weather Archive. Retrieved 2 April 2007.
  40. ^ a b Meteorologiniai rekordai Lietuvoje, Lietuvos Hidrometeorologijos Tarnyba. Retrieved 2 April 2007.
  41. ^ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Guinness
  42. ^ Historical Weather: Luxembourg / Luxembourg, Luxembourg, El Tiempo. Retrieved 2 April 2007.
  43. ^ Meteorološki Godišnjak, Godina 1954, Hidrometeorološka Služba, NOAA Central Library, Climate Data Imaging Project. Retrieved 2 April 2006.
  44. ^ There is a reference of temperature reaching 29F (-1.7C) in Ta'Qali airfield on February 1st,1962.
  45. ^ World Meteorological Day, National Statistics Office, Malta. Retrieved 20 July 2007.
  46. ^ http://www.meteo.md/newsait/historu/record.htm
  47. ^ Slobodzya is located in Transnistria and its record is unofficial.Highest official temperature is 41.5C recorded at Camenca,always in Transnistria on the same day. Highest temperature recorded in Moldova outside Transnistria is 41.0C at Ialoveni and at Cahul.
  48. ^ Hiver et Vagues de Froid sur la Cote d’Azur, La Météo en Provence. Retrieved 6 June 2007.
  49. ^ a b Weerrecords Nederland en wereld, Meteonet. Retrieved 31 March 2007.
  50. ^ a b Høyeste, laveste lufttemperatur og største døgnnedbør, Meteorologisk institutt. Retrieved 4 March 2007.
  51. ^ a b Rekordy klimatyczne w Polsce, Instytut Geografii i Gospodarki Przestrzennej, Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Retrieved 7 April 2007. An unofficial but quite reliable temperature of -42.2C has been recorded at Rabka in February 1929.
  52. ^ a b "Reveillon" português sem chuva, mas a bater o dente de frio, Fundação Frei Pedro. Retrieved 8 April 2007.
  53. ^ Caracterização Climática 2003, Instituto de Meteorologia. Retrieved 7 April 2007.
  54. ^ a b Thermal Extremes, National Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 8 April 2007.
  55. ^ http://wmo.asu.edu/europe-lowest-temperature
  56. ^ The issue of absolute air temperature in Russia is highly controversial, due to the lack of reliability of some minor stations during hottest waves in 1930 and 1940. An unconfirmed temperature of 44°C has been reported from Respublika Kalmykiya (Republic of Kalmykia) in 1930 and 1940. Other temperatures of 45C at El'ton and Upper Baskunkak and 44C at Volgograd were taken with old mechanical instruments and have been discharged from official records. The village of Zelenchukskoy in Karachay-Cherkessia has reported temperatures as high as 44C and the city of Nazrani in Ingushetia as high as 45C. None of these instruments used match the standards of modern instruments. 43C also reported in inland Dagestan.
  57. ^ Pierluigi Randi,climatologist.
  58. ^ Pierluigi Randi,climatologist.
  59. ^ Temperature regime u Serbia 1961 – 1990, Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia. Retrieved 15 March 2007.
  60. ^ Slovensko - Základné informácie o Slovensku, Kysuce. Retrieved 8 April 2007.
  61. ^ Kje ima mraz pri nas zares mlade, gore.ljudje.net. Retrieved 30 June 2007.
  62. ^ -41.7°C was recorded in a sinkhole (or doline) at Lepa Komna on 25 January 2006. A reading of -39.6C reported at Babno Polje in February 1929 is not correct. That reading, IF real, must have been taken in the sinkhole of Lepa Komna and anyway it has been discharged by Meteo Slovenia.
  63. ^ Air Temperature, Environmental Agency of the Republic of Slovenia. Retrieved 31 March 2007. Since some hourly data from July 1950 were not taken during the hottest hours, the highest temperature ever recorded in Slovenia is surely higher. It is believed that around Karlovac a temperature of 42C was recorded on the same day.
  64. ^ Efemérides meteorológicas del mes de Febrero, MeteoRed.com. Retrieved 8 April 2007.
  65. ^ Estany Gento is uninhabited. -30.0 was recorded at Calamocha Teruel province on 17 December 1962.
  66. ^ Efemérides Meteorológicos Valores Extremos, Instituto Nacional de Meteorología (INM). Retrieved 8 April 2007.
  67. ^ Temperatures of 51°C on 30 July 1876, and 50.0°C on 4 August 1881, both reported from Sevilla (Seville) ((Andalucía province) were not recorded under a standard exposure. Numerous reports of temperatures of 48°C and above have been recorded in Spain, none of which are deemed to be reliable. The highest temperature recorded in Spain after the 19th century is 47.2°C at Murcia Alfonso X (Murcia province) on 4 July 1994.
  68. ^ The early 20th century warming. Daily observations at Green Harbour, Grønfjorden, Spitsbergen, Norwegian Meteorological Institute. Retrieved 4 March 2007.
  69. ^ Met Norway.
  70. ^ a b c Official Swedish Meteorological Records, Sveriges meteorologiska och hydrologiska institute (SMHI). Retrieved 8 April 2007.
  71. ^ A -53.0C reading recorded at Malgovik in December 1941 was recorded with private equipments and it is highly suspicious,since it is not minimally supported by any nearby temperature. An unofficial reading of -54C has been recorded in the courtyard of the church of Karesuando.
  72. ^ Die aufgeführten Extremwerte basieren auf den Messstandorten der MeteoSchweiz (Stand Ende 2005), MeteoSwiss. Retrieved 25 February 2007.
  73. ^ -52.5°C was recorded in a sinkhole (or doline) at Glattalp Schwyz canton on 7 February 1991.
  74. ^ Die extreme Sommerhitze im aussergewöhnlichen Witterungsjahr 2003, MeteoSchweiz. Retrieved 31 March 2007.
  75. ^ 41.5°C was recorded at Grono Graubünden canton on the same day, 11 August 2003 in a non-standard exposure. The corrected temperature was estimated to be 40°C, which would be a Swiss record.
  76. ^ Про особливості осінньо-зимових сезонів в Україні 2000-2006 рр, Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Center. -42C is also claimed at high elevation at the Karpat location of Playi.
  77. ^ Лето Днепропетровск, gorod.dp.ua.
  78. ^ a b c Extreme Weather, UK Meteorological Office. Retrieved 31 March 2007.
  79. ^ A record of -31C at Blackadder,Berwickshire in December 1879 was taken under not proper exposure conditions.
  80. ^ This reading may be too high due to over-exposure. 38.1°C was recorded at Gravesend Kent (also possibly over-exposed), and Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Greater London on 10 August 2003.
  81. ^ Andrea00 of MTG forum
  82. ^ Record Meteorologici di Roma, Centro Meteorologico Romano. Retrieved 8 April 2007.