Wikipedia:Mathematical symbols

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This page is a quick reference for the "standard" mathematical symbols in HTML that should work on most browsers, and is intended mainly for people editing mathematical articles on Wikipedia.

  • Numbers: ¼ ½ ¾ ¼ ½ ¾
  • Font size: x x   <big>x</big> <small>x</small>
  • Font: italics  bold  — ''italics''   '''bold'''
  • General font specification: Φ (A)   <font style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size:100%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;"> Φ (A) </font>;
  • Superscripts/subscripts: x2 y3   x<sup>2</sup> y<sub>3</sub>;
  • Analysis: ƒ ∂ ∫ ∑ ∏ √ ∞ ∇ ℘ ℑ ℜ &fnof; &part; &int; &sum; &prod; &radic; &infin; &nabla; &weierp; &image; &real;
  • Arrows: ← ↓ → ↑ ↔ ↵ ⇐ ⇓ ⇒ ⇑ ⇔ &larr; &darr; &rarr; &uarr; &harr; &crarr; &lArr; &dArr; &rArr; &uArr; &hArr;
  • Logic: ¬ ∧ ∨ ∃ ∀ &not; &and; &or; &exist; &forall;
  • Sets: ∈ ∉ ∋ ∅ ⊆ ⊇ ⊃ ⊂ ⊄ ∪ ∩ ℵ &isin; &notin; &ni; &empty; &sube; &supe; &sup; &sub; &nsub; &cup; &cap; &alefsym;
  • Relations: ≠ ≤ ≥ < > ≡ ∼ ≅ ≈ ∝ &ne; &le; &ge; &lt; &gt; &equiv; &sim; &cong; &asymp; &prop;
  • Binary operations: ± − × ÷ ⁄ ⊥ ⊕ ⊗ ∗ &plusmn; &minus; &times; &divide; &frasl; &perp; &oplus; &otimes; &lowast;
  • Delimiters: ⌈ ⌉ ⌊ ⌋ 〈 〉 « » &lceil; &rceil; &lfloor;&rfloor; &lang; &rang; &laquo; &raquo;
  • Miscellaneous: † ¦ ∠ ∴ ◊ • ♠ ♣ ♥ ♦ &dagger; &brvbar; &ang; &there4; &loz; &bull; &spades; &clubs; &hearts; &diams;
  • Punctuation: ′ ″ ‾ ° ⋅ · … – — ˆ &prime; &Prime; &oline; &deg; &sdot; &middot; &hellip; &ndash; &mdash; &circ;
  • Spacing: thin ( ), n-width ( ), m-width ( ), and non-breaking spaces ( ). &thinsp; &ensp; &emsp; &nbsp;
  • Greek: α β γ Α Β Γ etc. &alpha; &beta; &gamma; &Alpha; &Beta; &Gamma; etc.
  • Unicode: &#x22A2; (for example) gives the character ⊢ with unicode number x22A2 (hexadecimal). Warning: many of the more obscure unicode characters do not yet work on all browsers. Additionally, this makes it very hard to read the wikitext.

It might be easier to just copy and paste the symbols instead of using them by reference. Many symbols can also be inserted by clicking on the corresponding link under the edit pane.

[edit] See also

[edit] External links