Mateship
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- See also: Culture of Australia
Mateship is an Australian cultural idiom that embodies equality, loyalty and friendship, that is, the working-class ethos. There are two types of mateship, the inclusive and the exclusive; the inclusive is in relation to a shared situation (e.g., employment, sports, or hardship), whereas the exclusive type is toward a third party (e.g., a person that you have just met). Russel Ward, in The Australian Legend (1958), saw the concept as a central one to the Australian people. Mateship derives from mate, meaning friend, commonly used in Australia as an amicable form of address.
Mateship can also have negative qualities, such as loyalties over the law, and a byword for corruption in the police and judiciary. It has also drawn criticism as a term as it is synonymous with friendship, which is not an exclusively Australian concept.
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[edit] Origins
The genealogy of mateship has historically been inaccurately traced back to the early convicts by Australian literati.[1] Mateship likely formed out of the working-class (predominantly Irish) egalitarianism present in British society; merely being reinforced by the experience of economic subordination typical of nineteenth-century Australia.
The widespread use of the term came to the forefront during the First World War. During this time the word 'mate' became synonymous with the word 'digger', which had its origins in the gold digging fields of the 1850s.[citation needed] During the Gallipoli campaign the term 'digger' was re-introduced as a formal greeting towards a fellow soldier. The Anzac troops spent so much time digging trenches, the idiom 'digger' was re-invoked.
[edit] Military context
Mateship is regarded as an Australian military virtue. For instance, the Australian Army Recruit Training Centre lists the "soldierly qualities" it seeks to instill as including "a will to win, dedication to duty, honour, compassion and honesty, mateship and teamwork, loyalty, and physical and morale courage".[2] Mateship is often invoked as an important element in both Australian military prowess and the willingness of Australians to go to war if necessary.
[edit] Australian Constitutional preamble
During the 1999 Australian constitutional referendum there was some consideration regarding the inclusion of the term "mateship" in the preamble of the Australian constitution. This proposed change was drafted by the Australian poet Les Murray, in consultation with the Prime Minister, John Howard:
Australians are free to be proud of their country and heritage, free to realise themselves as individuals, and free to pursue their hopes and ideals. We value excellence as well as fairness, independence as dearly as mateship.
Murray was not supportive of the inclusion of "mateship" in the preamble, stating that it was "blokeish" and "not a real word", however the Prime Minister insisted it be included as the term, he said, had "a hallowed place in the Australian lexicon".[3] Howard reluctantly dropped the term from the preamble, after the Australian Democrats refused to allow it to be passed by the Senate where they held the balance of power.[4]
Since the referendum the Australian government has introduced the concept of mateship as a possible part of an Australian citizenship test, although it was unclear how endorsement of the values of mateship would be tested.[5]
[edit] See also
- Page, James S. (2002) 'Is Mateship a Virtue?' Australian Journal of Social Issues. 37(2): 193-200; available on-line at http://eprints.qut.edu.au/archive/00003567/
- Culture of Australia
- Russel Ward, (1958), The Australian Legend, Oxford University Press, Melbourne
- ANZAC spirit
[edit] References
- ^ Carroll, John (1982). Intruders In The Bush: The Australian Quest For Identity, 2, Oxford University Press Australia, 253 Normanby Road, South Melbourne, Australia, 114. ISBN 0-19-553374-7.
- ^ The Aim of Recruit Training. Army Recruit Training Centre. Retrieved on 2007-10-02.
- ^ Kitson, Jill: Mateship..., Lingua Franca (Radio National), 24 April 1999.
- ^ Mateship: Hit for six, British Broadcasting Corporation, August 12, 1999.
- ^ Migrants need to learn mateship: PM, The Sydney Morning Herald, December 12, 2006.
