Martin Julian Buerger

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Martin Julian Buerger
Martin Julian Buerger
Born	April 8, 1903 Detroit, MI
Died	February 26, 1986 Lincoln, Massachusetts
Residence	Lincoln, Massachusetts
Citizenship	American
Nationality	American
Fields	Crystallographer
Institutions	Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Alma mater	Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Doctoral advisor	Waldemar Lindgren
Notable awards	Arthur L. Day Medal - 1951, Roebling Medal - 1958, Honorary Doctorate from the University of Bern, Switzerland, Member of the US National Academy of Science
Religious stance	Christian

Martin Julian Buerger (April 8, 1903-February 26, 1986) was an American crystallographer. He was a Professor of Mineralogy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He invented the X-ray precession camera for studies in crystallography. He was awarded the Arthur L. Day Medal by the Geological Society of America in 1951. The mineral Buergerite was named for him. The MJ Buerger Award (established by the American Crystallographic Association) was established in his honor.

He was the great-grandson of Ernst Moritz Buerger, who led a group of Lutheran immigrants from Germany to the United States in 1838, and helped found the Missouri Synod of the Lutheran Church.

[edit] Significant works

• The photography of the reciprocal lattice, (ASXRED monograph), Murray Print. Co., 1944
• X-ray crystallography;: An introduction to the investigation of crystals by their diffraction of monochromatic X radiation, 531pp., Chapman & Hall, 1958
• Elementary crystallography;: An introduction to the fundamental geometrical features of crystals, 528pp., Wiley, 1963
• Contemporary crystallography, 364pp., McGraw Hill, 1970
• Introduction to crystal geometry, 204pp., R. E. Krieger, 1977
• Crystal-Structure Analysis, 668pp, Krieger Pub Co, 1979
• Takeuchi, Y & Buerger, M J (1960), “THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF TERRAMYCIN HYDROCHLORIDE.”, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 46 (10): 1366-70, 1960 Oct, PMID:16590759, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16590759> 
• Buerger, M J (1956), “PARTIAL FOURIER SYNTHESES AND THEIR APPLICATION TO THE SOLUTION OF CERTAIN CRYSTAL STRUCTURES.”, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 42 (10): 776-81, 1956 Oct, PMID:16589951, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16589951> 
• Buerger, M J (1956), “THE ARRANGEMENT OF ATOMS IN CRYSTALS OF THE WOLLASTONITE GROUP OF METASILICATES.”, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 42 (3): 113-6, 1956 Mar, PMID:16589830, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16589830> 
• Buerger, M J & Robinson, D W (1955), “THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND TWINNING OF Co(2)S(3).”, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 41 (4): 199-203, 1955 Apr 15, PMID:16589645, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16589645> 
• Buerger, M J (1954), “SOME RELATIONS FOR CRYSTALS WITH SUBSTRUCTURES.”, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 40 (2): 125-8, 1954 Feb, PMID:16589430, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16589430> 
• Buerger, M J (1953), “An Intersection Function and Its Relations to the Minimum Function of X-Ray Crystallography.”, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 39 (7): 678-80, 1953 Jul, PMID:16589324, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16589324> 
• Buerger, M J (1953), “Solution Functions for Solving Superposed Patterson Syntheses.”, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 39 (7): 674-8, 1953 Jul, PMID:16589323, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16589323> 
• Buerger, M J (1953), “Image Theory of Superposed Vector Sets.”, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 39 (7): 669-73, 1953 Jul, PMID:16589322, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16589322> 
• Buerger, M J (1950), “Limitation of Electron Density by the Patterson Function.”, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 36 (12): 738-42, 1950 Dec, PMID:16578351, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16578351> 
• BUERGER, M J (1950), “Some new functions of interest in x-ray crystallography.”, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 36 (7): 376-82, 1950 Jul, PMID:15430317, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15430317> 
• BUERGER, M J (1950), “The photography of atoms in crystals.”, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 36 (5): 330-5, 1950 May, PMID:15417549, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15417549> 
• BUERGER, M J (1950), “The crystallographic symmetries determinable by x-ray diffraction.”, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 36 (5): 324-9, 1950 May, PMID:15417548, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15417548> 
• Buerger, M J (1949), “Crystallographic Symmetry in Reciprocal Space.”, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 35 (4): 198-201, 1949 Apr, PMID:16588883, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16588883> 
• Buerger, M J (1948), “Some Relations Between the F's and F's of X-Ray Diffraction.”, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 34 (6): 277-85, 1948 Jun, PMID:16588811, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16588811> 
• Buerger, M J; Smith, L B; Ryer, F V & Spike, J E (1945), “The Crystalline Phases of Soap.”, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 31 (8): 226-33, 1945 Aug, PMID:16588693, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16588693> 
• Buerger, M J (1942), “The Characteristics of Soap Hemihydrate Crystals.”, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 28 (12): 529-35, 1942 Dec, PMID:16588582, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16588582> 
• Buerger, M J; Smith, L B; de Bretteville, A & Ryer, F V (1942), “The Lower Hydrates of Soap.”, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 28 (12): 526-9, 1942 Dec, PMID:16588581, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16588581> 
• Buerger, M J (1942), “A New Fourier Series Technique for Crystal Structure Determination.”, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 28 (7): 281-5, 1942 Jul, PMID:16578051, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16578051> 
• Buerger, M J (1941), “Optically Reciprocal Gratings and Their Application to Synthesis of Fourier Series.”, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 27 (2): 117-24, 1941 Feb 15, PMID:16577998, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16577998> 
• Buerger, M J (1940), “The Correction of X-Ray Diffraction Intensities for Lorentz and Polarization Factors.”, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 26 (11): 637-42, 1940 Nov 15, PMID:16577987, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16577987> 
• Buerger, M J (1939), “The Photography of Interatomic Distance Vectors and of Crystal Patterns.”, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 25 (7): 383-8, 1939 Jul, PMID:16577920, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16577920> 
• Buerger, M J (1936), “The General Rôle of Composition in Polymorphism.”, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 22 (12): 685-9, 1936 Dec, PMID:16577752, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16577752> 
• Buerger, M J (1936), “The Kinetic Basis of Crystal Polymorphism.”, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 22 (12): 682-5, 1936 Dec, PMID:16577751, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16577751> 
• Buerger, M J (1934), “The Temperature-Structure-Composition Behavior of Certain Crystals.”, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 20 (7): 444-53, 1934 Jul, PMID:16577615, <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16577615> 

[edit] References

• Memorial, American Mineralogist, Volume 73, pages 1483-1485, 1988
• Description and photograph of Buergerite
• Obituary from the Journal of Applied Crystallography, 1986