Marquis Wen of Wei

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Marquis Wen of Wei (魏文侯)(r. 403 BC-387 BC) was the leader of the Chinese state of Wei in the Warring States period to carry out extensive government reforms. His reforms were carried out by noted Confucian scholars such as Zixia (子夏), Tian Zifang (田子方) and Duan Ganmu (段干木). Wen also carried out legal and military reforms with advisors such as Li Kui (李悝), Wu Qi (吳起) and Ximen Bao (西門豹). He was one of the first leaders to implement professional training for his soldiers and use of bells, drums, and gongs to control his soldiers’ maneuvers.