Markham, Ontario

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Town of Markham
Official logo of Town of Markham
Logo
Motto: The Mark of Excellence
Map showing Markham's location in York Region
Map showing Markham's location in York Region
Coordinates: 43°53′N 79°15′W / 43.883, -79.25
Country Flag of Canada Canada
Province Flag of Ontario Ontario
Regional Municipality York Region
Communities Buttonville, Cornell, Boxgrove, Ontario, Milliken, Unionville
Settled 1794
Incorporated 1972 (town)
Government
 - Mayor Frank Scarpitti
 - Deputy Mayor Jack Heath
 - Regional Councillors Jim Jones, Tony Wong, Gordon Landon
 - MPs Susan Kadis (LPC) - Thornhill, John McCallum (LPC) - Markham—Unionville, Lui Temelkovski (LPC) - Oak Ridges—Markham
 - MPPs Peter Shurman (PC) - Thornhill, Michael Chan (OLP) - Markham—Unionville, Helena Jaczek (OLP) - Oak Ridges—Markham
Area
 - Total 212.47 km² (82 sq mi)
Population (2006)[1]
 - Total 261,573 (Ranked 16th)
 - Ethnicity 34.4% White
34.2% Chinese
17.3% South Asian
3% Black
11.1% Other
Area code(s) 905,289
ISO 3166-2 CA-ON
Civic Centre Highway 7 and Warden Avenue
Website: http://www.markham.ca/

Markham (pronounced /ˈmɑrkəm/; 2006 population 261,573) is a town located in the Regional Municipality of York, Ontario, Canada. It is directly north of Toronto, and is part of Toronto's Census Metropolitan Area. Despite its qualifications regarding population, it has not had the title of city conferred upon it by the province, and retains its legal status as a town. Markham is one of the fastest-growing communities in Canada. [2]

Markham is the fourth-most populous municipality in the Greater Toronto Area, after Toronto, Mississauga, and Brampton. Thus, it is home to many cultures. It also claims to be Canada's Hi-Tech Capital with a number of key companies in the area, such as IBM, Motorola, Toshiba, Lucent, Apple, AMEX, and home to the head office of graphics card producer ATI (now part of AMD).

Contents

[edit] History and Present

Markham was first surveyed as a township in 1793 by William Berczy (Johann Albrecht Ulrich Moll 1744-1813), and settled in 1794.

In 1794, William Berczy led 75 German families from New York State to Markham Township, an area known as German Mills today. Each family was granted 200 acres (0.8 km²). Because of hardships, many returned to York (now Toronto) and Niagara. The area became a ghost town.

From 1803 to 1812, the largest group of settlers were Pennsylvania Germans, most of whom were Mennonites. These highly skilled craftsmen and knowledgeable farmers had the best chance for survival because they had already survived harsh conditions in Pennsylvania. From 1830 on, many Irish, Scottish and English emigrated to Upper Canada to escape the famine and overpopulation of their homeland.

Markham's early years blended the rigours of homesteading with the development of agriculture-based industries. The many rivers and streams in the Township soon supported water-powered saw and grist mills and, later, woollen mills. With improved transportation routes, such as the construction of Yonge Street in the 1800s, along with the growing population, urbanization increased. By 1857 most of the Township had been cleared of timber and was under cultivation. Villages like Thornhill, Unionville and Markham greatly expanded. In 1871, the Toronto and Nipissing Railway company built the first rail line in Markham. This rail line is now used for commuter train services (i.e. GO Trains)

The first form of structured municipal government occurred in 1850 when the Township of Markham was created. Markham was then incorporated as a town in 1972.

Ever since Markham incorporated as a town, Markham grew quickly as a result of urban sprawl in the Greater Toronto Area. For instance, in 1976 (4 years after Markham's incorporation as a town), Markham's population was approximately 56,000. Since that time, the population has more than quadrupled. Explosive growth in new subdivisions has led to a jump in population since the 1980s. Much of Markham's farmland has disappeared, now mostly found north of Major MacKenzie Drive. Controversy over development of the environmentally sensitive Oak Ridges Moraine will likely curb development of Markham's northern portion.

At present, Markham comprises six major communities: Buttonville, Cornell, Markham Village, Milliken, Thornhill, and Unionville. Since the 1980s the town has been recognized as a suburb of Toronto. Many high-tech industries have located in Markham for the relative abundance of land, low tax rates and good transportation routes. ATI Technologies (now known as AMD), IBM Canada, Apple Computer Canada, Motorola Canada and many other well-known companies have chosen Markham as their home in Canada. Hence, the town has been branding itself as Canada's "High-Tech Capital".

[edit] Geography

Markham covers 212.47 square kilometres. It is bounded by 5 municipalities. To the west, the town is bounded by Vaughan (boundary is at Yonge Street between Steeles Avenue and Highway 7), and Richmond Hill (boundary is at Highway 7 from Yonge Street to Highway 404 and at Highway 404 from Highway 7 to somewhere between 19th Avenue and Stouffville Road). To the south, Markham is bounded by the City of Toronto (boundary is at Steeles Avenue). To the north, it is bounded by the Town of Whitchurch-Stouffville (boundary is from Highway 404 to York-Durham line somewhere between 19th Avenue and Stouffville Road). And to the east, Markham is bounded by the City of Pickering at York-Durham Line. Markham's town centre is at 43°53′N, 79°15′W.

[edit] Topography

Markham's average altitude is at 200 metres. The town is intersected by two rivers, Don River, and Rouge River, as well as their tributaries. Markham has mainly flat, gently rolling hills. To the north, the Oak Ridges Moraine, which further elevates the elevation towards the north end of the town.

[edit] Climate

A picture of a road in Markham in the winter.
A picture of a road in Markham in the winter.

Due to Markham's proximity to Toronto, Markham shares the same climate as Toronto. On an average day, Markham is generally one to two degrees celsius cooler than in Downtown Toronto.

[edit] Demographics

According to the Canada 2006 Census[3]:

• Population: 261,573 (+25.4% from 2001)
• Land area: 212.58 km² (82.08 sq mi)
• Population density: 1,230.5 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,187 /sq mi)
• National population rank (Out of 5,008): Ranked 16th
• Median age: 38.1 (males: 37.0, females: 38.9)
• Total private dwellings: 81,181
• Dwellings occupied by permanent residents: 77,191
• Mean household income: $77,163

Markham has experienced tremendous growth since the 1980s. The Canadian census of 2006 states that the population of Markham in 2006 is 261,573, which is a 25.4% increase from the 2001 census.[2]


According to the 2006 census, 65.4% of the population consists of visible minorities. In 2006, the largest racial groups in Markham were:

Immigration characteristics (2006):

  • Canadian-born population: 42.6%
  • Foreign-born population: 56.5%
  • Non-permanent residents: 0.9%

[4] [1]

Total population by religion (2001):

[edit] Government

Markham Civic Centre
Markham Civic Centre
Circular pathway along Berczy Park.
Circular pathway along Berczy Park.
Westchester Crescent in Berczy Village.
Westchester Crescent in Berczy Village.

The Markham Town Council consists of the mayor, four regional councillors and eight ward councillors, each representing one of the town's eight wards. The mayor of Markham is Frank Scarpitti, who replaced the now retired Donald Cousens, former PC MPP for Markham and Presbyterian church minister). The mayor and four regional councillors are elected by the community to represent the Town of Markham at the regional level.

The members of council are elected by the municipality's voters. Councillors are paid by the municipality for their services, but in many municipalities, members of council usually serve part-time and work at other jobs as well.

The current members of council were elected by the residents to a four-year term of office, in accordance with standards set by the province. The selection of members for the offices of mayor and regional councillors are made town-wide, while ward councillors are elected by individual ward.

The town offices are located at the Markham Civic Centre at Highway 7 (Ontario) and Warden Avenue. The previous offices on Woodbine Avenue have disappeared (a funeral home is on the site), but the historic town hall on Markham Main Street is now a restored office building.

See also: List of mayors of Markham, Ontario

The Mayor's Youth Task Force was created to discuss issues facing young people in the town and to plan and publicize events. Its primary purpose is to encourage youth participation within the community.

[edit] Law and order

There are no courts in Markham, but the town is served by an Ontario Court of Justice in Newmarket, as well as an Ontario Small Claims court in Richmond Hill, Ontario. The Ontario Court of Appeal is located in Toronto, while the Supreme Court of Canada is located in Ottawa. Policing is provided by York Regional Police at a station at the coner of McCowan Road and Carlton Road and Highway 7. Highway 404, Highway 407 and parts of Highway 48 are patrolled by the Ontario Provincial Police.

[edit] Town issues

Like most cities and towns in the Greater Toronto Area, Markham has a few issues it must deal with:

[edit] Urban growth

There is a desire by the Town to control urban sprawl by requesting higher density for new development. The town plan calls for more growth along Highway 7 and less towards the farm land to the North. A similar development in Cornell promotes the need for services to be closer to residences.

[edit] Transit plan

Linked to the concern of urban growth, Markham through York Region Transit (YRT) has implemented a new transit system called Viva to ease the strain on the region's congested roads. Viva is similar to YRT but is used as an express bus service with the ability to alter immediate traffic signals so it will not be late. The YRT is also planning to build a transit terminal somewhere near Cornell soon.

[edit] Markham's neighbourhoods and communities

Markham suburbs
Markham suburbs

Markham is made up of many communities (many of which, despite being technically suburban districts today, are still signed with official 'entering community' signs on major roads) each with a distinctive character:

Thornhill and Unionville are popularly seen as being separate communities. Thornhill actually straddles the Markham-Vaughan town line (portions of it in both municipalities).

[edit] Parks

Further information: List of parks in Markham, Ontario

[edit] Culture

Until the 1970s, Markham was mostly farmland and marsh, which is still reflected in events like the Markham Fair. Today Markham boasts as Canada's High Tech Capital with many new major technology and large corporations choosing to locate their offices within the town. Markham is in the process of building a new downtown, bordered by Kennedy Road, Highway 7, Warden Ave. and the new Enterprise Avenue. Markham is now very diverse, most notably with a large Chinese population, with Pacific Mall, First Markham Place, Peachtree Centre and other major Chinese stores and centres within the vicinity. Markham is known as one of the best places to live in Canada, and has a balance of both new and old (2 main streets).

Markham is also known for its love of performing arts, demonstrated most profoundly in the critically and audience acclaimed Markham Little Theatre [2]. Thriving for the past 40 years and presenting over 100 plays, Markham Little Theatre's performances draws audience members from residents and those of neighbouring communities.

Markham Youth Theatre [3] also demonstrates the love of arts in the youth of the town. A small theatre company completely run and organised by youth in the area.

The Markham Public Libraries system has 6 branches, with over 600,000 collections in total.

[edit] Education

Markham is served by a number of high schools. St. Robert Catholic High School, Markville Secondary School, Pierre Elliott Trudeau High School, Unionville High School, Middlefield Collegiate Institute, St. Augustine CHS, Brother Andre CHS, Markham District High School, Milliken Mills High School, Thornlea Secondary School, Father Michael McGivney Catholic Academy, Bur Oak Secondary School, and Thornhill Secondary School all have consistent high scores on standardized exams and have some of the highest rate of graduates attending universities.[citation needed]}

Markham currently does not have any universities itself, but Seneca College has satellite campuses at Highways 7 and 404 and at Buttonville Airport. Most high school graduates continue to post-secondary education in universities across Ontario. There are local transit services that connect to York University, Ryerson University, University of Ontario Institute of Technology and the University of Toronto, as well as to Toronto campuses of Seneca College, Centennial College, George Brown College, Humber College, The Michener Institute, Durham College and Sheridan College.

[edit] Economy

In the 19th century, Markham was a vibrant, independent community with distilleries and breweries around the Highway 7 and 48 intersection. The Speight Wagon Works exported products around the world, and it was said that Markham was more active than York (former name for Toronto) was early on.

Today, it claims to be Canada's Hi-Tech Capital with a number of key companies in the area, such as IBM, Motorola, Toshiba, Lucent, Apple Computer, Genesis Microchip, and is home to the head office of graphics card producer ATI (recently merged with AMD).

Markham also maintains economic and cultural cooperation agreements with the city of Laval, Quebec (which is the second largest city of the Greater Montreal Area and has a very high financial profile).

[edit] Sports

Main article: Sports in Markham, Ontario

[edit] Attractions

Markham Museum's offices and archives in the Mount Joy Schoolhouse (1907) as it looked in June 2005
Markham Museum's offices and archives in the Mount Joy Schoolhouse (1907) as it looked in June 2005

Markham has retained its historic past in part of the town. Here a just few places of interest:

Heritage streets preserve the old town feeling:

There are still farms operating in the northern reaches of the town, but there are a few 'theme' farms in other parts of Markham:

[edit] Performing arts

Markham is home to several locally-oriented performing arts groups:

A key arts venue is the 'Markham Theatre For Performing Arts', at the Markham Civic Centre located at Highway 7 and Warden Avenue.

[edit] Annual events

Events taking place annually include the Markham Youth Festival, Unionville Festival, Markham Village Music Festival, Markham Jazz Festival, Milliken Mills Children's Festival, Thornhill Village Festival, Markham Fair, Markham Festival of Lights, Markham Santa Claus Parade, Olde Tyme Christmas Unionville, Markham Ribfest & Music Festival,Cornell Garden Festival and the Cornell Easter Egg Hunt

[edit] Shopping

Market Village
Market Village

Markham is home to several large malls of 100+ stores. These include:

There are also a lot of higher-profile malls in nearby Toronto, and elsewhere in York Region. Many shopping centres in Markham are also Asian-oriented. This is a reflection of the large Asian, particularly Chinese Canadian, population found in Markham. They carry a wide variety of traditional Chinese products, apparel, and foods.

There are also some smaller shopping centres in Markham, such as:

[edit] Local media

[edit] Hospitals

The main healthcare facility in the town is Markham Stouffville Hospital, located in the far eastern end. Markham is also home to Shouldice Hospital, one of the world's premier facilities for people suffering from hernias.

[edit] Transportation

Main article: Transportation in Markham, Ontario

[edit] Roads

Main articles: List of municipal roads in Markham, Ontario and List of regional roads in York Region, Ontario

Major highways passing through Markham include Highway 404 (from Toronto to Newmarket) and Highway 407, a toll highway that passes north of Toronto and connects Markham with Vaughan, Brampton and Burlington.

Highway 407 runs parallel to Highway 7, also known as York Road 7, which is a major east-west artery suffering from congestion due to development along its route. Other major east-west routes include 16th Avenue, Major MacKenzie Drive, and Steeles Avenue which forms Markham's southern boundary with Toronto.

[edit] Public transportation

A VIVA bus
A VIVA bus

York Region Transit (YRT) connects Markham with surrounding municipalities in York Region, and was created in 2001 from the merger of Markham Transit, Richmond Hill Transit, Newmarket Transit and Vaughan Transit. YRT to connects to the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) subway system by way of Viva Bus Rapid Transit from Finch station along Yonge Street, and Don Mills station through Unionville and on to Markville Mall.

The TTC also provides service in Markham on several north-south routes, such as Don Mills Road, Warden Avenue, Birchmount Road, McCowan Road and Markham Road. These routes charge riders a double fare if they are travelling across the Steeles border and most Markham residents choose to travel by car instead of public transportation.

GO Transit provides train services on the old trackbed of the Toronto and Nipissing Railway which connect Markham with downtown Toronto through the Stouffville commuter rail service, with stops at Unionville GO Station, Centennial GO Station Markham GO Station, and Mount Joy GO Station, also the Richmond Hill commuter rail service links the Langstaff GO Station which is in Markham but is used by most people living in Central west Markham and the southern part of Richmond Hill.

[edit] Air transportation

Toronto/Buttonville Municipal Airport is one of Canada's top ten airports, which caters to general aviation and business commuter traffic to Ottawa and Montreal. Operators at Buttonville include:

  • NexJet Aviation Inc
  • Million Air
  • Executive Edge Air Charter
  • Aviation Limited
  • Canadian Flyers International

[edit] Notable people from Markham

[edit] Athletes

[edit] Media

[edit] Musicians

[edit] Sister cities

[edit] References and footnotes

  1. ^ Community highlights for Markham. 2006 Community Profiles. Statistics Canada (2007-03-13). Retrieved on 2007-03-13.
  2. ^ a b 2006 Canadian Census. Statistics Canada. Retrieved on 2007-12-04.
  3. ^ 2006 Community Profile
  4. ^ 2006 Community Profiles
  5. ^ Sister Cities International

[edit] External links

York Region, Ontario Portal


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Communities of Markham
Angus Glen • Armadale • Berczy Village • Box Grove • Brown's Corners • Buttonville • Cachet • Cashel • Cathedraltown • Cedar Grove • Cornell • Dickson Hill • Downtown Markham • German Mills • Greensborough • Hagerman's Corners • Langstaff • Legacy • Markham • Markham Village • Milliken • Mount Joy • Quantztown • Rouge Fairways • Sherwood - Amber Glen • Thornhill • Underwood • Unionville • Victoria Square • Vinegar Hill • Wismer Commons
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