Mark Cocker
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| Mark Cocker | |
 Mark Cocker (courtesy of Alasdair Cross)
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| Born | 1959 |
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| Residence | Norfolk |
| Nationality | British |
| Fields | Naturalist Author |
| Alma mater | University of East Anglia (English Literature) |
| Notable awards | Crow Country was shortlisted for the Samuel Johnson prize for Non-Fiction (2008) |
Mark Cocker is a British author and naturalist. He lives and works deep in the Norfolk countryside with his wife Mary Muir and two daughters. All of his eight books have dealt with modern responses to the wild, whether found in landscape, human societies or in other species.
Cocker has written extensively for British newspapers and magazines including The Guardian, The Daily Telegraph, The Times, The Independent and BBC Wildlife. He has written a regular 'Country Diary' column in the Guardian since 1988 and a wildlife column in the international subscribers' edition, the Guardian Weekly from 1996-2002. He reviews regularly for the Guardian and the Times Literary Supplement.
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[edit] Background and Education
Mark Cocker was brought up and educated in Buxton Derbyshire, the gateway to the Peak District National Park. This early access to the spectacular limestone flora of the Derbyshire Dales and the specialised upland birds of the Dark Peak, provided formative experiences in his evolution as a naturalist.
He studied English Literature at the University of East Anglia (1978-1982), where he became immersed in East Anglia’s nationally important wildlife landscapes, including the North Norfolk coast, Breckland and the Broads. These became the inspiration for the vast majority of 900+ articles on wildlife, published in national and regional newspapers.
An active environmentalist, Cocker worked for the RSPB (1985), English Nature (now Natural England 1985-6) and BirdLife International (1988-9). In 1998 he received a Winston Churchill Travel Fellowship to explore the cultural importance of birds in West Africa (Benin and Cameroon).
[edit] Themes and Interests
[edit] Biographical Excursions
Cocker has travelled to over 40 countries spanning 5 continents in pursuit of wildlife. Between 1982 and 1984 he spent a total of 10 months in India and Nepal. This proved to be the background to two illuminating biographical studies: A Himalayan Ornithologist: The Life and Work of Brian Houghton Hodgson[1] and Richard Meinertzhagen: Soldier Scientist and Spy[2]. These examined two remarkable figures from the age of Empire, radically different in personality, but united by the polymathic range of their interests.
Hodgson was the Honourable East India Company’s resident (proto Ambassador) in Nepal, where he was a scholar of almost every branch of zoology, from fish and amphibians, to birds and mammals. He was also a scholar of Himalayan languages and of Mahayana Buddhism. Six weeks spent in a Tibetan Buddhist monastery led to Cocker's involvement in this book.
Meinertzhagen, on the other hand, was a big-game hunter, a soldier, naturalist, minor political figure, writer, intelligence officer, explorer and diarist. Cocker's biography on this neglected demon and giant, received widespread critical acclaim and was judged, with Mark Hudson‘s Our Grandmothers‘ Drums and Bill Bryson‘s The Lost Continent, one of the highlights for Secker and Warburg in 1989. [3] . The novelist William Boyd (writer), who had drawn on some of Meinertzhagen’s writings in his novel An Ice-Cream War, said of Cocker's biographical study of Meinertzhagen:
’Mark Cocker lucidly and honestly tries to pin the man down and succeeds admirably insofar as such an attempt is possible. The problem with Meinertzhagen, … is that the chief witness and key source is the man himself. Cocker has unearthed in his diaries patent elaborations, exaggerations and falsehoods and there is evidence too that in his scientific career Meinertzhagen indulged in practices that would be considered highly fraudulent. … But with that reservation it is a compelling story and Meinertzhagen, however bizarre or preposterous or sinister or admirable we may think him, is one of the genuinely fascinating mavericks in 20th-century history’. [4]
Cocker's next two books reflected his darkening perception of Britain’s wider imperial impact upon the lands and peoples that they explored and occupied.
[edit] Conquest and Power
In the 1990's Cocker shifted his focus from the orthodox biography of colonial figures, to a moral reflection upon the real impact of European Empire, this resulted in his next two books: Loneliness and Time: British Travel Writing in the Twentieth Century [5] and Rivers of Blood, Rivers of Gold: Europe’s Conflict with Tribal People [6].
Loneliness and Time is an attempt to provide both a generic understanding of the importance of travel and foreign lands to the British psyche; and an investigation of the intellectual value and literary canons of the travel book. It received mixed reviews. It was followed by the exhaustively researched, and highly acclaimed indictment of European exploitation and destruction of indiginenous people's, Rivers of Blood, Rivers of Gold, which Cocker considers his most important book. The work focuses on four collisions between Europeans and indigenous cultures: the conquest of Mexico, the British onslaught on the Tasmanian Aborigines, the uprooting of the Apaches, and the German campaign against the tribes of Southwest Africa.
The book was praised and criticised on both side of the Atlantic for similar reasons. Ronald Wright [7], noted its "shaky existential dichotomy between Europeans and “tribal peoples”", while fellow historian Alfred Crosby [8] suggested that "Cocker has written the kind of book we needed a generation ago, when our concept of history was profoundly Eurocentric, but surely now all of us given to reading history books are doubtful about the immaculate gloriousness of white civilization." However it also received praise:
"Cocker succeeds in finding a tone appropriate to the matter: he has a journalistic sense of impact and a powerful command of historical narrative. This is a powerful book, communicating its fierce indignation without recourse to polemic." [9]
The most powerful theme of Mark Cocker’s books is … his vivid map of hell into which people can so easily descend when they have ideology, means and opportunity.’ [10]
[edit] The Poetry of Fact
All of Cocker‘s subsequent work has focused on aspects of natural history. The best known is the epic Birds Britannica [11], a work of nature study, rich with literary, historical and cultural references. It was based on Flora Britannica by the acclaimed nature writer Richard Mabey, who initiated its sister volume. However Mabey’s ill health meant that it was written entirely by Cocker. As Philip Marsden puts it:
"In the past, birds animated long journeys to market, days of trudge at trawl or plough. Their habits bred anthropomorphisms, superstitions and nicknames. These in themselves provide an extraordinary glimpse into the imaginative range of our own species. Now that we drive everywhere, now that fishermen and farmers are growing as scarce as marsh warblers, we see birds differently. Birds Britannica shows that this need not be seen as something artificial or contrived but as part of a long and ever-shifting relationship, an indicator of our own place in nature." [12]
Cocker's work on the ubiquitous crow is in similar spirit: a rare combination of natural history and Cultural anthropology. Crow Country[13] is Cocker’s most successful book to date, receiving widespread critical acclaim. More than simply a long term study of a 'common bird', Crow Country represents a fusion of acute natural historical observations with fine writing, which Cocker defines as the poetry of fact. Of Crow Country, Cocker said:
"I would say there's a large body of writing on nature that is inaccurate, that sentimentalises nature, interpreting nature in a way that suits the writer...The facts are subjugated by the writer's feelings. But my writing is in the poetry of fact. This is not a shallow piece of study. I have found almost every paper on the subject in the English language."[14]
The importance of being 'true' to the nature of the subject is apparent, but so too is his desire to discover the wealth of cultural significance attached to it. Like the natural detective's search for the perpetrator, Cocker's investigations are laden with significance. Reminiscent of an earlier age of scientific investigation, the 'whole picture' perspective being not unlike that of Francis Bacon who wrote in a similar vein:
"Men have sought to make a world from their own conception and to draw from their own minds all the material which they employed, but if, instead of doing so, they had consulted experience and observation, they would have the facts and not opinions to reason about, and might have ultimately arrived at the knowledge of the laws which govern the natural world." [15]
This unique combination of natural scientist, environmentalist and cultural anthropologist is most evident in his latest project Birds and People.
[edit] Latest Work
[edit] Birds and People
Cocker's latest project with foremost British wildlife photographer David Tipling and Natural history author Jonathan Elphick, is Birds and People[16]. Birds and People is a ten-year long, groundbreaking collaboration between the publishers Random House and BirdLife International, to survey and document worldwide, the cultural significance of birds. The Birds and People project involves an open internet forum, for individuals world-wide to document their reflections, experiences and stories about bird.. The final book is intended as a global chorus on the relationship between human beings and birds.
"The sense of freedom evoked by birds in flight has been a source of inspiration alike to tribal communities and the world’s major civilisations. Writers, poets, artists and composers have drawn on the qualities of birds for thousands of years. Today birds often play the role of ambassador in our entire relationship with nature. For environmentalists they are collectively the miner’s canary, their populations helping us to gauge the health of natural environments from the inner-city to the remote Arctic tundra. Yet our connections with birds far exceed any simple utilitarian value. Very often at a domestic level they are cherished for their own sake, as simple companions, as aesthetic adornments and as expression of some unspoken bond between ourselves and the rest of nature.[17]
The resulting book is intended as a summary of the current state of birdlife worldwide. Cocker suggests that birds are the miner's canary for the natural world. However a further aim of the Birds and People project is to provide a panoramic survey of the multitudinous way in which birds enter and enrich human lives. This underscores the author’s preoccupation with a less obvious aspect of biologicalimpoverishment. Loss of biodiversity is invariably considered only in terms of its ecological and environmental consequences. Birds and People is intended to highlight how a decline in species inflicts parallel losses upon the very fabric of human cultures.
[edit] Additional Information
Cocker's book Richard Meinertzhagen was shortlisted for the Angel Award (1989). Birds Britannica, a project initiated by Richard Mabey and written by Mark Cocker, was British Birds/BTO Bird Book of the Year (2005) and described by Andrew Motion, the poet laureate as:
'The great delight of my year, the book that made me feel I'd been waiting for it all my life, is the magnficently produced and completely enthralling Birds Britannica.' [18]
Crow Country was shortlisted for the Samuel Johnson prize for Non-Fiction (2008). Cocker is a co-founder of the Oriental Bird Club, a founding council member of the African Bird Club, a former council member of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists Society and NNNS President (2007-2008).
[edit] References
- ^ A Himalayan Ornithologist: The Life and Work of Brian Houghton Hodgson Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1988. Written with Carol Inskipp a leading scholar of Nepalese ornithology.
- ^ Richard Meinertzhagen Soldier, Scientist and Spy, Secker and Warburg, London, 1989; Mandarin (paperback), London, 1990
- ^ Secker and Warburg Spring Catalogue 1990.
- ^ Sunday Telegraph, 25th June 1989
- ^ Loneliness and Time: British Travel Writing in the Twentieth Century, Secker and Warburg, London, 1992; published as Loneliness and Time The Story of British Travel Writing, Pantheon, New York, 1993; Secker and Warburg (paperback), London, 1994
- ^ Rivers of Blood, Rivers of Gold: Europe’s Conflict with Tribal People, Jonathan Cape, London, 1998; Pimlico, (paperback), London 1999; Rivers of Blood, Rivers of Gold, Europe’s Conquest of Indigenous Peoples, Grove Atlantic, 2000; (paperback) 2001
- ^ Ronald Wright Times Literary Supplement 17th July 1998
- ^ Alfred Crosby, Los Angeles Times 3rd Aug 2000
- ^ Charles Nicholl, Sunday Times 26th April 1998
- ^ Ronald Wright Times Literary Supplement 17 July 1998
- ^ Birds Britannica, Cocker.M, pub. CHATTO & WINDUS (2005)
- ^ Philip Marsden, The Sunday Times (21st Aug 2005)
- ^ Crow Country, Cocker. M, published by Jonathan Cape (2007)
- ^ Stone the Crows: In praise of a neglected high flyer,Ed Caesar, published in the Independent,6 Aug 2007
- ^ See the internal link to Francis Bacon
- ^ Birds and People website[1]
- ^ Birds and People website[2]
- ^ The Guardian 2005
[edit] Bibliography
[edit] Books
A Himalayan Ornithologist: The Life and Work of Brian Houghton Hodgson Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1988. (with Carol Inskipp)
Richard Meinertzhagen Soldier, Scientist and Spy, Secker and Warburg, London, 1989; Mandarin (paperback), London, 1990.
Loneliness and Time British Travel Writing in the Twentieth Century, Secker and Warburg, London, 1992; published as Loneliness and Time The Story of British Travel Writing, Pantheon, New York, 1993; Secker and Warburg (paperback), London, 1994.
Rivers of Blood, Rivers of Gold: Europe’s Conflict with Tribal People, Jonathan Cape, London, 1998; Pimlico, (paperback), London 1999; Rivers of Blood, Rivers of Gold, Europe’s Conquest of Indigenous Peoples, Grove Atlantic, 2000; (paperback) 2001.
Birders: Tales of a Tribe, Jonathan Cape, London, 2001; Grove Atlantic, New York, 2002; Vintage (Paperback) 2002; Grove Atlantic, (paperback) 2003; Ellerstroms (Sweden) 2006;
Birds Britannica, Chatto and Windus 2005.
A Tiger in the Sand, Jonathan Cape, 2006.
Crow Country, Jonathan Cape, 2007; Thorpe large print 2008; Vintage August 2008
[edit] Editorial Work
David Reekie (2001)
Claxton a thousand year of village life (2005)
[edit] Articles
‘Houseboat Holiday in the Venice of the Orient’, The Scotsman, 9/3/85 (with Mary Muir).
‘Hair shirt approach to the land of Ladakh’, The Scotsman, 3/8/85 (with Mary Muir).
‘Under The Influence of Kathmandu’, The Scotsman, 4/1/86.
‘Protecting Parrots’, Birds RSPB magazine, Summer 1986.
‘Passage from India’, Cheshire Life, Spring 1989.
‘The Fall of Europe’s Birds’, The Guardian, July 1989.
‘The Parrots: Extensive Grounds for Complaint’, World Magazine, January 1990.
‘SOS Bali Starling Campaign’, World Magazine, June 1990.
‘Richard Meinertzhagen of Mottisfont’, Hampshire County Magazine, February 1991.
‘Once a Hero, Now a Villain?’ The Daily Telegraph, 28/5/94.
Flights of Passage, The Guardian 16 September 1995.
‘Wensum Valley’, Suffolk -Norfolk Life, December 1995.
CPRE Working with the English Farmer, Suffolk-Norfolk Life, October 1996.
‘Hieroglyphs’, Suffolk-Norfolk Life, September 1997.
‘A Lighter Shade of Bird’, Birdwatching, January 1998.
‘Black Magic: Crows and Folklore’, Birdwatching, March 1998.
‘Africa and the African Bird Club’, Alula, Vol 4/1, 1998
‘Whalesong’, Natural World, Spring 1998.
‘The Last Tasmanian’, Independent on Sunday, 26 April 1998.
‘The Heart of Darkness’, Birdwatching, June 1998.
‘Sands of Time’, Birdwatching, July 1998.
‘Dive, Dive Dive’, Birdwatching, September 1998.
African Safaris, Birdwatching, November 1998. Paradise Lost, Natural World, Autumn 1998.
‘Sticks and Stones’, Birdwatching, April 1999.
‘Norfolk at Close Quarters’, Birdwatching, August 1999
‘Roll on, Rutland’, Birdwatching, August 1999
Where are the songbirds? Norfolk, EDP, November 1999.
Back to Life, Natural World, Winter 1999.
He Shoots, He Saves, Birdwatching, January 2000.
Fish out of Water? Not sculptor Mike, EDP, 24 May 2000.
Out of North Africa, Birdwatching, September 2000.
Confessions of a Twitcher, The Times, 28 July 2001.
A Breed Apart, Birdwatching, August 2001.
Did you feel the ship move just now?, The Times, 1 October, 2001.
Ruffled Feathers, The Guardian, 28 November 2001.
Holkham walk The Times 26/12/01.
‘Future Challenges in Africa’, Birding ABA, June 2002.
‘My hunt for Scotland’s little tiger’, The Times, 27/7/02.
‘Ospreys in the UK’, Birds RSPB, Winter 2002.
‘My goblin on acid’ The Times, 2/11/02.
Blakeney Walk The Times 26/12/02
Cra Wid’s Army of the Night, The Times, 29/03/03.
RSPB Birds Spring, Summer Autumn, Winter, profiles of Lapwing, House Sparrow, Skylark, Red Kite, 2003.
Shake your tail feather, The Times 24 May 2003
Ravens The Times 9/1/04
Cranes, The Times 14/2/04
Raptor persecution, The Times, 28/2/04
Dirty Dozen, (Egg collecting) The Times, 5/6/04
The Insect: man’s best friend, (Invertebrates) The Times, 31/07/04
No need to flap The Times, (swan upping) 31/07/04
Oak takes Wing, The Times, 7/08/04.
The fall of the wild, The Times, 21/08/04
Does this bird fit the bill? (Slender billed Curlew) The Times, 9/10/04
To whit Where, The Times 30/10/04
Return of the Waterlands The Times 27/11/04
Leading the Field, The Guardian, 6/04/05
James McCallum, Birds Illustrated, May 2005.
Birds Britannica BBC Wildlife August 2005
RSPB Birds Spring, autumn profiles of Woodpeckers, Albatross 2005.
Rum Manx Shearwaters, Guardian, 20/07/05.
Saga Magazine, January 2006.
It’s a Real Jungle Out There, EDP, April 2006
The nest generation. Guardian Nov 06
See Wildlife go Wild Times Travel, March 2007.
The Dawn of the Cranes, BBC Wildlife Sept 2007 Greek magazine 1/08 Atoning the Crows, Guardian, 05/09/07
Caw blimey, Daily Mail 10/11/07
The Labour Exchange, The Independent Magazine 10/11/07.
The Daily Telegraph magazine ‘Nesting Instincts‘, 12/4/08
[edit] Radio and Television
Anglia TV, ‘About Anglia’ (environmental feature 5 mins x 2) March 1999.
BBC Radio Four ‘Nature’ Badger - TB, interview, 4/10/99.
BBC Radio Four ‘A Lesser Spotted Lovesong’ (60 minutes, ‘From the Archive’), narrator 27/11/99.
BBC Radio Four ‘The Ancient Ark’ interview 8/8/00
BBC Radio Four , ‘Soldier, Scientist, Spy ... and Fraud’. (30 minutes), writer/narrator, 26/12/2000.
BBC Radio Four ‘Off the Page’, (45 minutes), 4/3/2001.
BBC Radio Four, ‘Blithe Spirits’, 2001.
BBC Radio Four, ‘Race Myths’, 2001.
BBC Radio Four, Midsummer Midweek, 22/8/2001.
BBC Radio Three New Nature Writing 25/07/03. repeated
BBC Radio Four Word of Mouth May 2005
BBC Radio Three, Manxies on Rum as part of The Sea The Sea, 6/7/05.
BBC Radio Four Openbook 15/9/05
BBC Radio Four The Rook and Me 21-24/11/05 (60 minutes: 4 x 15); repeated September 2006.
BBC Radio Four, Nature Skylark 05/2006
BBC Radio Four, Book programme November 2006
BBC Radio Four, Nature, Red Kite 01/2007
BBC Radio Four, Nature, Country Diary 02/07.
BBC Radio Four, Shared Earth, March 07
BBC Radio Three, New Nature Writing, The Magic of Cranes, April 07
BBC Radio Four, Nature, British Birds Centenary, May 07
BBC Radio Four, Shared Earth, 8 June 07
BBC Radio Four, Last Word Sept 07
BBC2 Nature’s Calendar
BBC Radio Three, Rites of Spring, March 08
[edit] External links
- Birds and People
- Owls in Lore and Culture (paper)
- Country Diary columns by Cocker (found via Google)
- Book reviews by Cocker from The Guardian.
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