Marjorie Lee Browne
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Marjorie Lee Browne (9 Sept 1914-19 Oct 1979) was a notable mathematics educator, the second African-American woman to receive a doctoral degree in the U.S., and one of the first black women to receive a doctorate in mathematics in the U.S.
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[edit] Biography
Browne was born in Tennessee in 1914.[1] Her mother died when she was only two years old, and she was raised by her stepmother, Mary Taylor Lee, and her father, Lawrence Johnson Lee. Her father, a railway postal clerk, was also a "math whiz" who shared his passion for mathematics with his children. She attended LeMoyne High School, a private Methodist school started after the Civil War to offer education for African-Americans.
She attended Howard University, majoring in mathematics and graduating cum laude in 1935. After receiving her Bachelor's degree, she taught high school and college for a short term, including at Gilbert Academy in New Orleans.
She then applied to the University of Michigan graduate program in mathematics. Michigan accepted African-Americans, which many US educational institutions did not at the time. After working full-time at the historically black Wiley College in Marshall, Texas, and attending Michigan only during the summer, Browne's work was recognized and she earned a teaching fellowship at Michigan, attending full-time and completing her dissertation in 1949. Her dissertation, "Studies of One Parameter Subgroups of Certain Topological and Matrix Groups," was supervised by George Yuri Rainich. She was one of the first two African-American women in the US to earn a doctorate in mathematics, along with Evelyn Boyd Granville who also earned a Ph.D. in 1949.
Browne then joined the faculty at North Carolina College (now North Carolina Central University (NCCU)), where she taught and researched for thirty years. She was also the head of the department for much of her time at NCCU, from 1951 to 1970.
Browne's work on classical groups demonstrated simple proofs of important topological properties of and relations between classical groups.[2] Her work in general focused on linear and matrix algebra.
Browne saw the importance of computer science early on, writing a $60,000 grant to IBM to bring a computer to NCCU in 1960 -- one of the first computers in academic computing, and probably the first at a historically black school.
Throughout her career, Browne worked to help gifted mathematics students, educating them and offering them financial support to pursue higher education. Notable students included Joseph Battle, William Fletcher, Asamoah Nkwanta, and Nathan Simms. She established summer institutes to provide continuing education in mathematics for high school teachers.
Marjorie Lee Browne died of a heart attack in Durham, North Carolina, on October 19, 1979.
[edit] Publications
A note on the classical groups, Amer. Math. Monthly 62 (1955). 424--427.
Mathematics education works:
- Sets, Logic, and Mathematical Thought (1957)
- Introduction to Linear Algebra (1959)
- Elementary Matrix Algebra (1969)
- Algebraic Structures (1974)
[edit] Awards and honors
While discrimination against African-Americans and women was significant during Browne's early career, she was recognized for her achievements in education and mathematics.
- Elected to Sigma Xi, 1948
- University of Michigan nominee, American Mathematical Society
- Ford Foundation fellowship to study combinatorial topology at Cambridge University
- National Science Foundation Faculty Fellow studying computing and numerical analysis at UCLA
- Fellowship to study differential topology at Columbia University, 1965-66
- First recipient of W. W. Rankin Memorial Award for Excellence in Mathematics Education, given by the North Carolina Council of Teachers in Mathematics, which lauded her for "helping to pave the way for integrated organizations".
- The University of Michigan established the Dr. Marjorie Lee Browne Colloquium in 2001. [3]
- Marjorie Lee Browne Scholarship which offers full scholarships to students majoring in math at NCCU
[edit] References
General references used
- Patricia Clark Kenschaft, "Black Men and Women in Mathematical Research," Journal of Black Studies, v. 18, n. 2 (Dec. 1987), pp. 170-190.
- Scott W. Williams, "Black Women in the Mathematical Sciences," available at http://www.math.buffalo.edu/mad/wmad0.html (SUNY Buffalo Math Dept.).
- E. Fogg, C. Davis, and J. Sutton, " Profile of Marjorie Lee Browne." Retrieved from the World Wide Web, Agnes Scott College's "Biographies of Women Mathematicians" Web Site on 28 July 2004.
- "MiSciNet's Ancestors of Science, Marjorie Lee Browne," Sept. 10, 2004, Science, available at http://sciencecareers.sciencemag.org/career_development/previous_issues/articles/3220/miscinet_s_ancestors_of_science_marjorie_lee_browne .
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